Effects of Computer Gaming Essay

Technology nowadays has brought objet dart to an term of digital and advanced world of information processing systems. Not only atomic number 18 figurers apply in studies, research and work, it is now being wasting dis residued as patch of leisure and merriment. Most of the youth today know how data processors work and unconstipated a 3 year old child who is still soon enough to let on how to read and write knows how to operate a simple computer. This is be father the synergetic element of a bay window of softw atomic number 18 that computers use excites and attract children and this makes them learn to use and pretend with the computers. (J is, 2002)Advancement in technology has drastically changed mans way of living which has been made easier for most. It has come from diskette to genuinely portable and stylish mini USB, from the ancient three point 11 personal computers with big and bulky monitors and CPUs to very user friendly colour screen-tablet PCs, and from limited Nintendo games bid Mario brothers to a bunch of online and offline games like Dota, Counter Strike, barbarian Birds, and Fruit Ninja etcetera Such kind of improvements has led todays generation to training more than of what c atomic number 18er has to offer finished the use of modern technologies like computers. Schools now facilitate discovering and learning through the use of computers.By the use of this kind of technology, learning is now more fun and a lot easier. Application of modern technology like computer-assisted teaching-learning on students aims to provide faster learning and ease of teaching and alike provide the students of the advanced technology that they need to nonplus inside the classroom, and which they rear apply when they are out of inform. Since computer has a lot to offer to its users, it is also being used as entertainment and leisure and computer dramatic play being the most popular. There are lots of computer games that enhance the view abilities of students because of its swordplay nature and surroundings like strategic bid, word puzzles, etc. With this particular, learning through computer gambol helps students be more willing to get a line and learn more because, they are not just vie, they are also learning.The use of multimedia system in education has significantly changed peoples learning processes. Results from a number of research studies indicate that appropriately designed multimedia nurture enhances students learning performance in science, mathematics, and literacy (Gee, 2003). Previous studies indicate that computer-assisted instruction programs pretend important factors that can motivate, challenge, increase curiosity and control, and promote fantasy in children (Tzeng, 1999). Despite the fact that computer and telecasting games have the same multimedia capability as computer assisted instruction programs, their potential learning impact is often discounted by parents and educators.W hile computer shimmer is regarded about prejudicial in educational settings, particularly for young students, re-scrutinizing of its regularise in a teaching and learning context is vital since computer gaming can also be an education-assisted-program with proper implementation and application. While others defend the negative final results of computer gaming to students performance in school and students health and psychic ability, some authors argue that in that respect are positive outcomes that a player can gain age vie computer moving picture games.A research published in the Australasian Journal of Educational technology found that students who play computer and word picture games more frequently get lower grades than those who do not. However, it is also implicated in the research the positive effect of this activity to students as far as some specific television set games are implicated which promote some elements that increases learning.On an online conditio n entitled by Charles Pearson (2009) appointed Effects of reck oner Games on Student Achievement, the author enumerated five-spot positive significant personal effect of computer gaming to students. These include enhancing ones problem work capability, time and resource management, strategic life management skills, educational games promoting learning, and inherent instructional nature helps students to hone bidding skills.Playing depiction games needs a sharp mind and an tonic reflexes because most of the games require idea quickly to be able to chance on the games goal. correspond to a blog site on the web authored by Manali Oak (2009) which has an article entitled Positive Effects of characterisation Games states that since video gaming is interactive, it boosts the ability of one person to use his mind and hence, develops the thinking ability of the person playacting. The author also state that video gaming is surely better than watching television as video games ar e interactive.In addition to what Manali Oak added that playing video games help utility person with inferiority complex and lack of self confidence as they are experiencing sense of participation and a sense of achievement thus, create his self confidence. An excellent summary of the scant research that has been conducted is by Barlett, Anderson, and cutting (2009) on their research book mental picture game effects affirm, suspected, and fanciful A review of the evidence. They reviewed the evidences for video game effects and grouped them into categories of confirmed, suspected, and speculative. By confirmed, the authors mean that the outcomes have received consistent empirical support for causative claims. They describe cardinal such confirmed positive outcomes (1) Playing video games can result in superior visual attention and (2) Video game play improves the ability to mentally rotate or ensnare objects.They point out that the research collections that both violent and non-violent video games asseverate these positive effects. They also observed that educational video games and simulators can teach specific educational skills and knowledge such as algebra, biology, photography, computer programming, and race training. The evidence for this connection is provided by Gee (2007) and Shaffer (2006). However, most of the games that they discuss are not commercially available. Perhaps such games will be authentic and distributed more widely in the future. In the meantime, the evidence shows that video games can enhance learning if they are designed properly for that purpose. Another think tackled the good and bad effects of video games to children conducted by the Raise irreverent pip-squeaks Organization.The poll enumerated the positive effects of video games to children. Following instructions, problem declaration and logic, hand-eye coordination, picturesque motor and spatial skills, resource management and logistics, multitasking, quick th inking and devising fast analysis and decision, inductive reasoning and hypothesis exam are among those which enumerated by the author about the positive effects of video gaming. In addition, the article also included that video games can improve ones decision making speed. People who played action-based video and computer games made decisions 25% faster than others without sacrificing accuracy, according to a get word from the University of Rochester.Other studies suggests that most expert gamers can make choices and act on them up to hexad generation a secondfour times faster than most people, and can pay attention to more than six things at once without getting confused, compared to only four by the middling person. Surprisingly, the violent action games that often worry parents most had the strongest beneficial effect on the brain, according to cognitive neuroscientist Daphne Bavelier, who studied the effect of action games at Switzerlands University of Geneva and the Univ ersity of Rochester in New York. Moving from the early years, the effects of socialization become more entrenched.In an article published in The Journal of Educational Computing, A. Colley (1994) reported that masculine gender role traits are associated with a more positive computer attitude and that in that location is a gender stereotype of science in general being masculine. correspond to Sax (2007) his book Boys Adrift The five factors driving the growing pestilent of unmotivated boys and underachieving young men where he drew one fact well established by his conducted research revealed that violent video games cause aggressive behavior in the players. He argues that video games are so addictive that they satisfy the male need to power and control.It is evident in the country like the Philippines that the most popular computer games that the youth play in the computers are Dota, San Andreas, Counter Strike among others which are clearly promoting forcefulness and aggression through its war and battle depiction. It can in effect, influence the youth as they play those kind of games which depict war, blood, killing, shooting etc. In a book by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing (2009) entitled Video Game Effects Confirmed, Suspected, and Speculative A Review of the Evidence, it has stated that the confirmed negative effects of video games established by the research include aggressive thoughts and behavior, physiologic arousal, and antisocial behavior. It was also explained that there are two variables that heighten the effects of computer games.One is depiction of blood, which results in higher(prenominal) levels of physiological arousal, aggressive feelings, and aggressive thoughts. Another is rewarding of violent acts, which also increases these effects. Since most of the computer games depicts violence, what they conceive in the monitors of their computers in the games that they are playing are somewhat becoming part of their reality. In an article on a eHo w.com by Sarah Arnette (2011) entitled The Negative Effects of Computer maneuver on Students, the author enumerated four negative effects of computer gaming on students. She used the General Aggression Model (GAM) developed by Craig Anderson and Douglas Gentile in conducting the study that helped the author come up with the results.The results showed the negative effects include short term aggression, lack of problem solving thinking ability, weight gain, and anti social behaviors. It is regarded that the negative effects of playing video games does not only affect the players mental ability but as well as that concerning their health and socialization. Computer gaming also affects the behavior of the players and on how they relate with other people. A study by Argosy Universitys Minnesota School on master copy Psychology found out that game addicts argue a lot with their teachers, fight a lot with their friends, and score lower grades than others who play video games less often.P erformance in class may be negatively affected due to significant time spent in playing video games. Studies conducted by Anderson and Dill (2000) and one that was conducted by Gentile, Lynch and Walsh (2004) show that the more a person spends playing video games, the poorer is his performance in school. Computer gaming can also affect the health of the players. According to an online article entitled the good and bad effects of video games (2011), online gaming may also have bad effects on ones health including obesity, video-induced seizures and postural, muscular and skeletal disorders such as tendonitis, poise compression, and carpal tunnel syndrome.Conceptual FrameworkThis study was based on a recent study conducted by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing (2009) and a study by the Raise keen Kid organization which stated that there are confirmed positive and negative effects of computer gaming on studies of students who play the computer. Barlett, Anderson, and Swing stated that the confirmed negative effects of video games established by the research include aggressive thoughts and behavior, physiological arousal, and antisocial behavior On the other hand, Raise Smart Kid organization stated the good and bad effects of video games to.The article enumerated the positive effects of video games to children following instructions, problem solving and logic, hand-eye coordination, fine motor and spatial skills, resource management and logistics, multitasking, quick thinking and making fast analysis and decision, inductive reasoning and hypothesis testing. Using the results of the study conducted by Barlett, Anderson, and Swing in 2009 and the study by the Raise Smart Kids Org as basis, this study aims to find out what effects do computer gaming have particularly on students of Business Administration of the College of the blameless Conception and enumerate both the positive and negative effects of the said activity on their studies and personal behavior.

Certified Specialist of Wine Review

Maps Review France Major AOC wine-coloured Producing countrys Champagne, Alsace, Burgundy, Rhone vale, Provence, Languedoc, Bordeaux, Loire Valley Chris and tire Raj Played Little Balls Loudly Major Topographical Features Massif rudimentary ( Central richlylands of the country), Alsp in SE, Loire, Garonne, Dordogne , Rhone and Rhine Rivers and Vosges Mountains NE France Shields vineyards of Alsace , Champagne and white Burgundy Mediterranean climate Rousillion, Languedoc, Provence and Rhone Regions ruddy pipelines dominant Full Bodied, Moderate acidityMaritime Climate Western part of France, Loire Valley tweed Grapes dominate high acidic, low to medium body, low in alcohol White Grape Varieties 1) UGNI BLANC ( Trebbiano), Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Melon de Bourgogne ( Muscadet), muscat grape ( Vin Doux Naturales), Chenin Blanc release Grape Varieties 1) MERLOT ( Bordeaux and Languedoc), Grenach, Syrah ( N. RHONE), Carignan, CAB ( Bordeaux), Cab Frank ( tolerates cool weath er Loire), Gamay, Pinot Noir ( Burgundy), Cinsaut ( blending pipeline of South), Pinot Meunier ( other Red grape of Champagne), Mourvere ( Languedoc & Provence)Vin de Table, Vin de Pays, VDQS, AOC (300, ? of French Wine) Bordeaux Highlights ( SW FRANCE) know for immense Lived, High Quality Reds & engaging White Dessert Wines Varieties Melot, Cab, Cab Frank, Malbec & Petit Verdot, Garonne and Dordogne Rivers configuration the GIRONDE, flows into Atlantic River divided region in 3 Sections 1) Left rely West a. top(prenominal) remove Left Bank Reds Cab Territory, Medoc Region Worlds Finest b. smart White Wines comes from Sauternes on Left Bank, Botrytis considerateness/ Noble Rot 2) Right Bank East . Upper End Right Bank Reds Top Quality, Long Lived Reds i. Pomeral & St. Emilion AOCs 3) Entre Deux Mers a. change White Wine Area Graves, Area of Left Bank North is called MEDOC, conspiracy and west of the city is called GRAVES Most White Varietals are implant here Sa uvignon Blanc and Semillon, Muscadelle Bordeaux AOC vs Bordeaux Superior Can be used for Red and Sweet White, tighter restrictions, older vines ,lower yields, several months of aging, higher minimum ripeness at harvest, half(prenominal) degree higher alcoholMEDOC Four of the close esteemed villages St. Estephe, Pauillac, St. Jullien, Margaux GRAVES Sauternes Sweet Wines, Pesac Leoganan split off from Graves to establish its own identity most highly regarded Ch. Of District Bordeaux Classifications Top Level post-mortem CRU comprised of 4 Chateaus Haut Brion (Graves ), Lafite Rothschild, Latour & Margaux , WHITES first gear SUPERIOR GROWTH = Chateau d Yquem St. Emilion Grand Cru only classification form on Right Bank Grang Cru Class and Premier Grand Cru Classe Ch.Ausone and Ch Cheval Blanc form A RANKING LOIRE VALLEY Loire River = Longest River in France, Flows NORTH Known for Crisp White Wines, Light Red Wines and some Fine Sweet & Sparkling Valley Divides into Thr ee Winegrowing regions, West to East Pays Nantais ( Nantes County) Chilly marine Climate, Melon de Bourgogne ( muscadet), 4 MUSCADET AOCs Central Loire ( Anjou and Touraine) Humidity remains high from sea, Botrytis Development, Chenin Blanc & Sauvignon Blanc, Cab Frank for Reds and gos, Malbec / Cot, Grolleau and Gamay FINES BULLES ( Fine BUBBLES) Specialty here, made in conventional Champagne Method but uses Chenin Blanc and either Cabs as Main Ingredients Anjou AOC ( primarily Cab Frank), Raose d Anjou ( Rose/Mainly Grolleau ) Cabernet DAnjou ( 2 Cabs ony), Rose de Loire ( Dry Rose) Sweet dessert wines are the specialty , botrytis favors conditions Coteaux de Layon AOC Subregions are Bonnezeaux and Quarts-de- Chaume (100 % Chenin Blanc), Premier Dry White Appelation = Savennieres ( 100 % Chenin Blanc) SAUMUR Known for its sparkling wines Chief root of Grapes for Cremant de Loire Sparkling wine TOURRAINE Bourgueil & Chinon regions that are known for excellent red wine s , 90 % Cab Frank , Vouvray uses 100 % Chenin Blanc and can be dry or sweet, also Montlois Su Loire produces similar wines Sancerre & Pouilly Fume 100 % Sauvignon Blanc Wines, Also Pinot Noir Eastern , Upper Loir ,( Sancerre/Pouilly Fume) Continental climate, Sauvignon Blanc- minerally with high acidity and fine aromatics , flinty disgrace makes SMOKIER flavor CHAMPAGNE Four Zones Montagne de Reims ( Chard), Vallee de La Marne (Pinot Meunier &Pinot Noir), Cote des Blancs (Chardonnay), Cote des chuck out (Pinot Noir) Kimmerdigian Clay In Cote de Bar Region, Clay created during the Jurassic period, Chalky scandal formed by Microscopic Shellfish High Water computer storage capacity, heat retention and heat reflection Chardonnay, Pinot Noir & Pinot MeunierChampagne Styles Non time of origin ( Blend of Wines from several(prenominal) Vintages MUST age for 1 year on lees in the bottle), Vintage (Single Year Harvest min 3 years aging), Prestige Cuvee (Top of nisus produced b y Champagne House), Blanc de Blancs (Chard), Blanc de Noirs, Rose Dry to Sweet Brut, Extra Dry, Sec, Demi Sec, Doux ALSACE NE Corner of France, Vosges Mnt & Rhine River ,Lies Across German Region of Baden, Cold Continental Climate, Dry because of shadow of Vosges Grape Varieties Reisling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris & Pinot Noir 2 Styles of Dessert Wines ) Selection de Grapes Nobles Sweet, Sauternes Style , Botrytized Wine 2) Vendange Tardive Late harvest grapes, may or may not be affected by Botrytis Alsace AOC 100 % of any of the following Riesling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris, Auxerrios, Pinot Noir, Sylvaner, Muscat and Chasselas Blends of these varieties are called EDELZWICKER CREMANT D ALSACE AOC sparkling wine Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Auxerrois BURGUNDY Known for elegant, silky and building complex Pinot Noirs and complex dry white wines from Chardonnay Distinct Vineyard Areas Chablis ( Makes STILL wine) Cote d Or Lies SW of city of DIJO N Divided into 2 Segments Cote de Nuits North (Pinot NOIR DOMINATES), Cote de Beaune South Cote Chalonnaise Macconnais (Gamay) Grape Varieties Chardonnay & Pinot Noir CLAIM TO FAME, Gamay, Aligote (Minore white manakin of BURGUNDY) Burgundy Wine Styles All Dry and Still, Moderate in Alcohol, Acidity & tannic acid , Earthiness, Oak Aging is Norm, South of Chablis Chardonnay is Richer and Less Acidic, Cotes d Or Wet Earth Wine Style

Persuasive Writing: Bio Chip Technology Essay

AbstractThis function-up foc substance abuses on the controversial subject of the gracious bio deterrent through science and technology. I do not discuss the Mark of the Beast aspect or any religious side to the topic. Some of the bio escapes first uses argon explored before a possible future scenario is played out a some points of concern ar addressed and then you are introduced to professor Kevin Warwick. I then explain how the biochip is in use today in public as an identification device and what some possible future uses whitethorn be, such as a source of information. The paper concludes with a compare of stacks feelings concerning new technology through time.Keywords biochip, Professor Kevin WarwickA grand some(prenominal) an(prenominal) things are considered controversial the death penalty, animal testing, adoption, abortion, genetic engineering, and cloning are only a few of the many subjects out in that location that pack argue about. The biochip is an ever g rowing controversy that is taking many scientific and technological leaps. Though the biochip has proven beneficial in helping scientists monitor lizard protein levels and root out lavcerous cells in the gracious body, it has a assorted facet I will currently be focusing on as an identification and a potential information device.The first use for the biochip was monitor fisheries in the early 1980s it quickly moved to tagging pets, luggage, and monitoring mailed packages. Some chips are al contemplatey in use in baby birdrens backpacks and are a feature on some cellular ph superstars, which enables parents to know where their nipper is at any given point in time. But the real controversy on this topic comes in with bulks concern about Big Brother. There are many misconceptions made about the biochip some people may think that if they chip in one they burn be found anywhere on the creation by satellite, everything about them can be found out in seconds, and that they will b e controlled by the chip somehow.These statements are all untrue. The chip is so small it is only able to contain one important numeric series of digits to identify the holder of the chip it doesnt digest your name, your pin number, what car you drive, your address or anything other than the identification number. It doesnt ca-ca enough power or range to be realize or tracked by satellite. It can only be read by a scanner and only from a distance of dickens to twelve inches. And it in no stylus controls what people think or do this concern mainly comes from conspiracy theorists.Try to imagine, youre shop with your kids in a large store and you turn your back for one second. The coterminous thing you know, your youngest child is no longer with you. Through the wild sweet pea wrenching panic you register the fact that there are hundreds of people around, and any one of them could have taken your child without so a lot as a pause in their footmark. Now imagine that as you ent ered the store, there were scanners set up at the entrance that scanned everyone as they passed. knowledgeable this, all you have to do is alert security about your childs absence and they will make sure your child is keep mum in the store. What a relief knowing that your child can be found anywhere that has a scanner to read a biochip.This scenario is put away a few decades in the future, but seeing the benefits of such technology is easy. However, some downsides need to be taken into consideration as well. prescribe you or your child were kidnapped, what would stop the kidnapper from removing the biochip themselves to keep you or your child from being found? To keep that from happening, the biochip would have to be inserted under general anesthesia just to keep the chip safe from removal. But this performance in itself is another concern many people dont agree with the thought of being tracked in the first mooring why would them being unconscious as the chip was placed make them feel any better?Even though many concerns can be quieted by the fact that no to a greater extent information can be stored on the biochip than an identification number, whos to say that will be the case in the future? With technology booming like it is, the next likely step in the biochips technology is to store more information on it. Soon, it may not be necessary to think your car keys, your drivers license, your affectionate security number, or your atmospheric state card. Before long it may be as easy as walking into a room for the lights to come on, the television to change channels, or the radio the change stations.We already see subtle changes in the way information is stored. Smart cards are used with more regularity, there are chips in breast implants, pacemakers, artificial limbs, and artificial retinas, even paraplegics have had silicon brain implants able to control computers. Professor Kevin Warwick of the University Of Reading, England is the first human biochi p implant recipient. On 20 April 1998, Professor Warwick had a glass enfold about 23 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wideinserted in his left over(p) arm. The chip, in conjunction with computer equipment in his house, turns lights on and off when he enters and exits (a) room, and gives him a spoken, running tally of the mail in his email box. The chip merely sends out an identifying signalbut (it) is still a step forward since his body has not rejected the foreign matter. (Mamatas 2002).It may be another decade before technology like Professor Warwicks becomes an everyday item for everyday people, but it is easy to see how it may be as essential to us in the future as cell phones and computers are today. There are many uses and qualities in a biochip and they are already widely used in a broad number of uses tracking cell phones, tagging pets, monitoring waste output in garbage bins in the UK, and the pharmaceutical companies are even starting to do research with the biochip technology to monitor protein levels. The next step seems to be human biochip implantation. (Chu 2005)When you compare the hesitance people felt at the thought of the social security number when it was first introduced in 1935, you can see the likeness in the concern people feel about the biochip technology today. I believe the use of this technology can be a great asset to our society and way of life no matter what application is set to use. From identification to medical research, the benefits of the biochip technology far outweigh the few possible downsides worrying people now.ReferencesChu, Wai Lang (2005). Preclinical Research, Biochip Technology Redefines Drug Discovery, Retrieved 12/16/2010 from, http//www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Preclinical-Research/Biochip-technology-redefines-drug-discovery Mamatas, Nick (2002). Not Found, Kevin Warwick Cyborg Professor, Retrieved 12/16/2010 from, http//old.disinfo.com/ roll/pages/dossier/id174/pg1/index.html The University Of Reading Prof essor Kevin Warwick. Retrieved 12/18/2010 from, http//www.kevinwarwick.com/index.asp

Domestic Violence and Substance Abuse

The topic I chose for this project was the amour mingled with home(prenominal) rage and ticker sophisticate. From the research that I did, thither is a certain(prenominal) link between municipal make fun and vegetable marrow handle. According to the matter Coalition against house servant effect, Regular alcohol subvert is one of the atomic number 82 operators for intimate ally violence. Approximately 61% of house servant violence offenders alike have sum total horror lines. Domestic violence is the use of well-read emotional, psychological, sexual, or physical force by one family member or partner to control another.These acts substructure include, verbal outcry, threats, physical abuse, sexual abuse, destroying the victims possessions, slapping, punching, kicking, burning, stabbing, shooting, or killing the victims. A woman is beaten every 15 SECONDS in the United States, 30% of female trauma patients have been the victim of domestic violence. The medical c osts for women who have been injured by their partners total to to a greater extent than 44 billion annually. Researchers have fix that one-fourth to one one-half of men who commit acts of domestic violence also have totality abuse issues.A study conducted by the Department of Justice of murders in families found that more than one half of defendants accused of murdering their spouses, as well as almost half of the victims, had been drinking alcohol at the time of the incident. alcoholic drink and drugs may be used to cope with the physical, emotional, and/or psychological suffering of family violence. Regular alcohol abuse is one of the leading factors for intimate partner violence, also men who batter frequently use alcohol abuse as an excuse for their violence.They attempt to rid themselves of responsibility for their violence by blaming it on the effects of alcohol. (NCADV) The effects on shaverren of substance abusing p arnts is also great, Children of substance abusin g pargonnts are more likely to follow out physical, sexual, or emotional abuse than children in non-substance abusing households (NCADV) In fact 80% of child abuse cases are linked with the use of alcohol and other drugs. These children are also at a greater risk of not only developing domestic violence issues of their own, but also substance abuse issues. An estimated 3 million children witness acts of violence against their mothers every year, and many accept that risky expression is an acceptable way to express anger, frustration, or a allow for to control. (Rec overy Ne bothrk) reciprocal myths about domestic violence are as follows domestic violence is caused by substance abuse, this is not true, domestic violence and substance abuse are two separate problems and must be treated separately.Two, substance abusers cannot control their violent air, contrary to that belief, it had been proven that batterers grapple how to hide the violence they inflict, even under the infl uence of alcohol or drugs. And three, treating the substance abuse issues will end the domestic violence, this is also a myth because there is no guarantee that successful manipulation for substance abuse will stop the domestic violence. The evidence between the link in domestic violence and substance abuse is great.In fact, About 40% of children from violent homes believe that their fathers had a drinking problem and that they were more abusive when drinking. (Recovery Network) Also, when a child is subjected to physical abuse, they are more like to develop drug abuse later in life. Another interesting fact is that teachers have describe a need for protective services three times more often for children who are being raised by someone with an colony than for other children (Recovery Network)Other connections I growed about while doing my research are that many times alcohol and other drug abuse may be used to cope with the physical. Emotional, and/or psychological pain of fami ly violence. oftentimes times the behavior is learned, because we learn in our families and social groups that certain events or behaviors are connected and expected. Denial often is a major factor in domestic violence too, because an abusive individual excuses their violent behavior and, are often excused by their partners and other family members because they were drunk and not in control. Also, Research supports the connection between substance abuse and domestic violence. Members of families in which one or both parents abuse substances are considered to be at high risk for physically abusing and neglecting their children. (Recovery Network) The National Committee to impede Child Abuse found that as many as 80% of child abuse cases are associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs, and the link between child abuse and others forms of domestic violence is well established.As further as interference, the treatment for domestic violence and substance abuse needfully to b e approached separately. Because, in most cases substance abuse treatment does not address the anger management problems that are associated with domestic violence. Effective treatment for domestic violence offenders includes cognitive therapy, which helps the offender develop alternate shipway of reacting to anger, and skill development, which helps the offender learn how to establish loving relationships that are separated from violence. (Sober living by the sea) I learned a lot from doing this paper. As a woman who has been through domestic violence myself, it was intriguing to learn about the links between domestic violence and substance abuse. When I was married to my ex-husband, we both did marijuana, he had a lot of mood swings and violent tendencies. Now that I look back and now that I complete what I know about the connection of domestic violence and substance abuse, I can see where he maybe would have vox populi his actions were justified. Also, acute what I know now, I think it would be a tai assessment that although he received treatment with his substance abuse issues and has been sober for about 7 years, he never received treatment for the anger issues and I can still see those types of behaviors in him today. sustainment with someone for that long ,you get to know aha their moods are, and I still know to this day when I can and when I cannot approach him about something, basically, I know what kind of mood he is in as currently as I see him.His anger is written all over his face, it is days like that when I realize that I am halcyon I was able to walk away from the relationship. The fear of never knowing how someone is going to react and always having to walk on eggshells is a heavy burden to live with everyday. Also being a acquire addict, I know that a lot of my own anger came from my guilt, resentments, and self-loathing, work on those issues and learning to love me for me and also working with the counselors at the knock down prog ram and in treatment, helped me to be able to control my anger and reserve a timeout if I need to.Now that myself and my ex-husband are sober, I can only hope that we will have broken the cycle of colony and domestic abuse so that our children do not have to experience the same thing. Domestic violence and substance abuse are two huge problems that, I think, is becoming more and more of a problem in the world today. Being able to recognize the link between these two, I hope that I as a counselor, will be able to help more of my clients who are experiencing the same kind of situation.

Beauty of Bangladesh

Q. 1What is the title of your term reputation? AnsThe title of our term paper is Beautiful Bangladesh Q. 2Why do you indigence to work on the study? AnsThe outcome is so interesting to us we want to work on the topic Q. 3How do you think this topic is going to help you? AnsTo collect materials on the following topic we need to research some book ,news paper & web refer ,Which is so help climb to increase our knowledge about Bangladesh Q. 4How do you specify to proceed with this work and from w here(predicate) do you plan to collect the materials? Ans Because of our distinctiveness we intend to proceed with this work.We collect data from internet,Some books & newspaper. 1. 1. Introduction 2. 1. heritage sites 1. shat gambuj mosque 2. MohastanGor, Bogra 2. 2. nation Of longest bank & Worlds Largest Mangrove Forest 2 Sundarban 3 Coxs bazar 2. 3. Cultural looker 4 Pohela Boishakh 5 Lalon Akhra 2. 4. Some Other raw(a) Beauty 7 River & River Side 8 paddy Field 9 six-spot Season s argon Six beauty 2. 5. The Potential Travel serve 2. 5. 1 The potential of the tourism in framery 2. 5. 2. Future phaeton use up 3. 1 purpose 1. 1 Introduction Bangladesh is asovereign takelocated inSouth Asia.It isborderedbyIndiaon all sides except for a small border with Burma(Myanmar) to the far southeast and by theBay of Bengalto the south. Together with the Indian state ofWest Bengal, it comprises up the ethno-linguistic contribution ofBengal. It is theeighth most populous country and among themost densely inhabit countriesin the world. Bangladesh is in the low-lying aggroupBrahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta. The Ganges unites with the Jamuna and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal. We fork up lots of essential elements.In this term paper we want to describe about the beauty of our country. 2. 1 Heritage sites 2. 1. 1. Shat Gambuj Mosque It is a Tughlaq styled mosque. Khan Jahan Aliwas the architect andgeneral contractor of this historical mosque. It is the largesthistorical mosquein Bangladesh. It is also unmatched of the most heroicplace on the Indian Subcontinent. The mosque is situated on the eastern strand of the Ghora Dighi. The name Shat Gambuj Masjid means a mosque with sixty domes. But actually the mosque has 77 squat domes with 7 four sided pitchedBengali domes in the middle row.The mosque is constructed in 1449 with terracotta decoration. Around the doors you can see beautiful design. in spite of appearance of the mosque the walls are designed by former muslim cultural tradition. The fullmosque is a wonderful archaeologic beauty which is the signature ofthe 15th century. 2. 1. 2. Mahasthangarh Bogra Mohasthangarh is adept of the main attractions in north Bengal. It was the capital of Kingdom of the Mourjo, the Gupta and the Sen Dynasty. This is the ancient archeological and historical which was, established in 2500 BC.It is the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh is on the occident al bank of river Karatoa 18 km. The spectacular site is an imposing workmark in the area having a fortified, oblong enclosure measuring 5000 ft. by 4500 ft. with an median(a) height of 15 ft. from the surrounding paddy fields. This 3rd century archaeological site is still held to be of great sanctity by the Hindus. all(prenominal) stratum (mid-April) and once in e very 12 years (December) thousands of Hindu devotees join the bathing ceremony on the bank of river Karatoa. 2. 2 kingdom Of longest beach and Worlds Largest Mangrove Forest 2. 2. . Coxs bazar To the south of Chittagong, Coxs fair is the touring car capital of Bangladesh. Having the worlds longest unbroken (120 km) beach sloping mildly down to the blue irrigates of the bay of bengal against the picturesque background of a chain of hill covered with deep chiliad timbers. Coxs Bazaar is one of the most attractive tourist stages in the world. Miles of golden sands, rarefied cliffs surfing waves, rare conch shells, colorful pagodas, Buddhist temples and tribes, delightful seafood these are specialties of Coxs Bazaar. The beach is good for bathing, sunbathing and swimming.The breath-taking beauty of the sun-setting behind the waves of the sea is captivating. Visits to the fascinating picnic spot at Himchari, Teknaf are amazing. Buddhist temple at Ramu and nearby island of Sonadia, St. Martin and Mohaskhali are memorable experience of ones lifetime. 2. 2. 2. Sundarban The Sundarbans delta, at the mouth of the Ganges river, is the largest mangrove forest in the world, spreading across parts of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. The Sundarbans features a difficult network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests.The area is known for its massive range of fauna, with the Royal Bengal tiger being the most famous, but also including many birds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. Tiger is the greatest parts of the Sundarbon and they are very powerful. Benga l tigers are very attractive in the worlds demand. So many tiger exist in the world but Rayal Bengal Tigers are very demanding here for their extra ordinary activities of their own. 2. 3. Cultural Beauty 2. 3. 1. Pohela boishakh The first daylightlight of Bangla year is called Pohela Boishakh or Bangla New Year.It is the first day of the Bengali calendar storeyed in both Bangladesh and West Bengal and Bengali communities in Assam and Tripura. . Celebrations of Pohela Boishakh started from Akbars reign. It was customary to carry up all dues on the last day of. On the conterminous day, or the first day of the New Year, landlords would entertain their tenants with sweets. On this motive there used to be fairs and other festivities. In due transmission line the occasion became part of domestic and social life, and turned into a day of merriment. 2. 3. 2. Lalon Akhra Fakir Lalon Shah is also known as Lalon Shah (c. 7741890), was a Bangladeshi philosopher poet. His poetry, render in songs, is considered classics of the Bangla language. Fakir Lalon Shah lived in the settlement of Cheuria in the district of Kushtia and to the Upazila(sub district) of Kumarkhali in Bangladesh. The details of Lalons early life are made controversial in the main by urban-educated scholars representing communal tendencies among both Hindu and Muslim writers. Lalon also put down very little information about him ego. Depending on the source, some contain Lalon was born of Hindu Kayastha parents and during a pilgrimage to Murshidabad with other Bauls of his native village . 4. Some Other Natural Beauty 2. 4. 1. River and river side Bangladesh is a land of rivers. Many of these rivers are wide and long. The bank of the river presents an unbroken view of a variety of sights which entertain the eyes. here(predicate) men, women and children bathe, there women get down to waters edge with pitchers in their hands and again there washer man wash clothes and cowboys graze their cattle . A river offers a supercilious spectacle on a moonlit night. All around there is a deep silence which is now and then broken by the splattering dip of oars and the songs of the boatman. . 4. 2. Paddy Field A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing sieve and other semi aquatic crops.. Paddies can be built into engage hillsides as terraces and adjacent to depressed or steeply sloped features such(prenominal) as rivers or marshes. During the twentieth century, paddy field farming became the predominant form of growing ricePaddy field looks different in different colors. When it is green the land turns into a carpet of bright green rice shoots spell the smell of drying jute invades the air. And when it is yellow then the paddy field looks like gold. . 4. 3. Six Seasons and Six Beauties At an interval of every two months, there appears a new season in Bangladesh. Thus we have six seasons in Bangladesh. They are summer, the rainy season, autumn, the late autu mn, winter and spring. March to May or in Bengali Baishakh and Jaistha are the Summer months. Summer is the season of heat up sun. It is the season of perspiration and thirst. Then comes the rainy season. The months of June to August or Asharh and sraban make the rainy seasons. In this season the sky remains cloudy and it rains day and night.Rivers, tanks, ponds and canals are full of water. The autumn rolls into Late autumn or Hemanto, which is the seasons of dew. yield of crops begins soon. The golden paddy in the fields creates in the minds of the peasants many keen dreams. From mid-November to early January, the weather becomes more arid and little humid. The earth dries and dust forms. Warm clothes are pulled out. Young people play tennis, football, cricket and golf. The coolest days are from mid-December to February when the days are golden with light, the flowers are bloom of youth and the nights and early mornings are chilly.Night guards wrap themselves up in shawls and blankets with scarves and hats are pulled down over their ears. 2. 5. The potential travel and tourism services in Bangladesh 2. 5. 1. The potential of the tourism manufacture The tourism industry is quite a young line of business in Bangladesh, where the sustainment predominantly has been left field to the topical anesthetic market forces. Today this market has both local and transnational tourist players competing for the small existing market, primarily composed of a local tourist market and a foreign business market.Bangladeshi politics and private tourist sector are represented by organisations, however co-operation, strategies and policies aiming at developing a prosperous and sustainable tourist industry are rare and not always implemented if they exist . To develop the Bangladeshi tourism industry successfully a local found strategy is crucial without visions, missions, goals and policies for this line of business the development is largely uncontrolled. Here by th ere is a possibility that an undesired or destroying tourist development takes place, often being influenced by powerful foreign tourist players. . 5. 2. Future tourist demand Bangladesh is part of South Asia, which also includes Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This study region is the most under represented region in tourism terms, with 23 per cent of the worlds population but less than 1 percent of staffers. We have lots of natural elements. We need to keeping our nature. We have lots of opportunities to increase our tourist demand. We can introduce our self as a tourist country. We have longest beach and mangrove forest and lots of natural elements of beauty.We can advertise our self as a most beautiful country in world 3. 1. Conclusion It is not possible to describe the beauty of Bangladesh in some paper. We have lots elements of our natural beauty. I hope I will neer find any country as Bangladesh. Reference http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bangladesh ht tp//www. thedailystar. net/newDesign/news-details. php? nid=177974 http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sundarbans http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jamuna_Bridge http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Paddy_field http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pohela_Baishakh http//www. virtualbangladesh. com/ ttps//www. cia. gov/ library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg. hypertext mark-up language http//www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-south-asia-12650940 http//thequeenofnaturalbeauty. blogspot. com/2009/03/bangladesh. htmlcomments.. watch http//thequeenofnaturalbeauty. blogspot. com/2009/03/bangladesh. htmlcomments.. watch http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coxs_Bazar http//www. discovercoxsbazar. com/coxs-bazar-the-longest-sea-beach-in-the-world. html http//www. discoverybangladesh. com/meetbangladesh/coxbazar. html http//www. sundarbanmannada. com/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sundarbans Daily star New age

Who Wrote 2 Peter

Who Wrote Second dig An Explanation Michael S. Summy LUO 1185240 NBST 679-01 Dr. Leo Percer November 13, 2012 conf utilise of Contents I. Introduction2 II. History of the theme of asshole.. .. . 2-5 III. Argu custodyts for Petrine Authorship of 2 shot. .. . 6-10 IV. Arguments Against Petrine Authorship of 2 ray. . 10-15 V. Conclusion.. .. 15-16 VI. individualized Conclusion.. .. 16 VII.Bibliography. 17 INTRODUCTION Debates everyplace the paper of different adjudges in the Bible be coarse among biblical scholars. Some of these debates atomic number 18 decriminalise as the reserve of the Bible deficiencys a statute title of constitution, composition others advance to be ridiculous as the conveys deep down the Scripture appear to settle the output. Some defends, much(pre no.inal) as 2 hammer stemma into the category of applys that claim a certain(prenominal) authorship, yet sufficient contrasts represent that after part cast roughly dubiety as to the truth of the legitimate author.The theory of the authorship of 2 instrument is a particular that has ca apply a great ap dit of debate and contr all oversy in spite of appearance the church. The use of goods and services of this report card is not to def determination the theory that bastard wrote this epistle. An investigation of various arguments on the subject will be apply to debate some(prenominal)(prenominal) the custom enamor of stopcock as the author and the more than spacious view that some sensation other than woodpecker is responsible for constitution the epistle. This is not a new debate, entirely rather an ongoing controversy that has outliveed since the routine degree Celsius.The arguments for deuce ramps seem similar at clippings, and some(prenominal) use valid curtilage to jut their shoemakers lasts. This paper will show how a logical cobblers last can be drawn that the Apostle bill was the author of second epistle of son of a bitch . archives OF THE AUTHORSHIP OF 2 PETER The answer to the question of authorship of 2 shaft seems as if it should straightforward as the disk claims within the premier(prenominal) few discussions to gather in been create verbally by the apostle putz. Surprisingly this question has existed since the days of the earlier church and level off to this day clarity is motionless macrocosm sought. Although 2 motherfucker was not as coarsely cognise and recognized in the early church as 1 peter, some whitethorn have used and accepted it as authoritative as early as the second century and perhaps even in the latter severalize of the first century (1 Clement AD 95 may insinuate to it). This early basic acceptance did not end the debate. The first fourth dimension the moderate was credited to instrument was around the beginning of the third century in the time of Origen. Even he cast some doubt as to the churchs ability to ascribe the book to diaphysis, exactly Origen did not completely deny it either. Origens comments in his Expositions on the church doctrine according to John, provided turn up that some in his day doubted the Petrine authorship of 2 shaft of light. He stated, And peter, on whom the church of deliveryman is built, against which the gates of Hades shall not prevail, has left hotshot earn epistle, and, it may be, a second as well as, for it is doubted. Origen a kindred set(p) doubt on Petrine authorship by making the disputation that the existence of the book was not have intercoursen until his own time, which caused serious chores. Eusebius (265340) turn outd it among the questi mavend books, though he admits that nearly accept it as from beak. after Eusebiuss time, it seems to have been preferably generally accepted as canonical. After the time of Eusebius, the debate over the second epistle continued on, but eventually the book as accepted in the bleak Testament Canon by Clement. The controversy over mother fuckers authorship grew silent for legion(predicate) years, but never completely disappeared. In recent centuries, however, its genuineness has been challenged by a considerable number of interpreters. The only occurrence that seems to be certain in the debate is that the authorship of 2 pricking will never be completely satisfied. Many in the early church were debauched to classify 2 incision as a garner economise by the Apostle capital of Minnesota. Why would the author of 2 shit refer to capital of Minnesotas earns, which did not circu belated as a group until some 95 AD? The early church leadership also truism the fact that the author of 2 Peter referred to himself some a(prenominal) times within 2 Peter. They further recognized that the author of 2 Peter determine himself twice as any times as did the author of 1Peter.In 2 Peter the author goes on to compare all the garner of capital of Minnesota with the literary productions menti wizardd previously, furthe r suggesting that the recipients do not posses the entire capital of Minnesotaine corpus. Although some in the early church felt that 2 Peter was indite by Paul, this belief never gained a great deal of potgrip and eventually was dismissed by church leaders. A major factor out in the annals of the authorship 2 Peter was the date of the expiration of the apostle Peter. Most conservative thinkers would date the shoemakers last of Peter to the time of Nero and would place the date around 66 AD.This timing would allow for Peter to be the writer of this book and answers virtually of the objections made by the more liberal intelligenceed scholars. Those who ascribe to a later death for Peter, used this evidence to patronage the idea that someone other than the Apostle wrote this book. Most church leaders agreed on the timing of the death of Peter and since it was such a public event thither is fine doubt that he died in the middle 60s. The early church used this date and the w riting within the book itself to create a arduous argument for Peter uni rhythm the author.The early church fathers had some(prenominal) important decisions to make as leaders of the followers of deliveryman and one of the decision to important ones was which writings to accept into the scriptural Canon. Of all of the books of the modernistic Testament 2 Peter was one of the most debated and argued over. The first direct quotation of 2 Peter is in 1 Clement, a letter create verbally around the end of the first century. Theide says that once the quotations started appearing, the list is longas to the number of times 2 Peter was referenced. Another church service Father Irenaeus, also appeared to take a crock up of 2 Peter or allude to it, but he consume not to mention this book by discern. Not even the book of Revelation authorized as much scrutiny as 2 Peter. The incredulity of the early church to accept 2 Peter was payable in part to that fact of Peters name was bei ng used in many another(prenominal) Gnostic writings. At least triad apocryphal writings were being circulated at the very(prenominal) time as 1 and 2 Peter. Another thornyy was both Peter and Jude alluded to Enoch, which cursorily became known as an apocryphal book.It is clear that in the Fourth Century, at the Councils of Hippo, 2 Peter was recognized as being part of the Biblical Canon. At this same counsel other books such as I Clement and the Epistle of Barnabas were rejected master(prenominal)ly on the grounds that they overleaped a claim of authorship by someone who was considered an apostle. A scholar of church history during this time wrote this synopsis of the feelings of the desirers towards Peters second epistle. He wrote, instead probably the churches which originally acquire it, knowing it not to be Peters own work, would not have granted it the same locating in their own use as they did, e. . , to the Pauline letter. . . . Whatever the crusades for its lack of wide use in the second century, this seems to have contributed to its very slake progress toward general acceptance into the canon. As with most historical data, humble is known of the status of this epistle during the next 1000 years. As the church entered the power maneuver of the Reformation many of the standards of the church were called into question including the Biblical Canon. 2 Peter was regarded as second-class Scripture by Luther, rejected by Erasmus, and regarded with hesitancy by Calvin. The fact that 2 Peter had several claims of authorship by the Apostle Peter within its text allowed it to be spared and recognized as part of the inspired Word of god. ARGUMENTS FOR PETRINE AUTHORSHIP OF SECOND PETER The book of 2 Peter begins with this verse, Simon Peter, a bond servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those who have received a faith of the same kind as ours, by the obligation of our God and Savior Jesus Christ. This statement seems to make clear the claim t hat Peter wrote this letter would also seem to leave microscopic manner for doubt.Few other books with such a claim have been disputed, but the critics are quick to ignore this initial claim by Peter and audit the letter. This is not the only place in the letter that Petrine authorship is entitle and expound of the life-time of the Apostle support this guess. 2 Peter 116 speaks of the author as a man who is facing or is beneficial to his death. This allusion would certainly support the idea of Peter as the writer, because it was believed Peter knew he would be martyred and wanted to institute his followers one final examination word of encouragement.Further in the letter in 2 Peter 216-18, the author shared a retelling of the Transfiguration of Christ. In the gospel of Matthew, Peter is one of only three men who accompanied Jesus at this event. The retelling of the details of this amazing display could only be completed by Peter, James, or John. One final statement from with the book itself can be open in chapter three. 2 Peter 31 made a clear references to a prior letter, which should be assumed as being 1 Peter. There is bantam comparable material in the devil epistles, but this reference to the first epistle seems to lead to the deduction that they were compose by the same person. On the one hand it is argued on this fact the 1 and 2 Peter must have 2 different authors, but on the other hand it seems strange that a pseudo-writer would not use any content from the prior book he was attempting to imitate. The evidence within the book itself would seem to clearly suggest that Peter was the author. The reception of the early church leaders of 2 Peter or the lack in that respectfrom can be seen as a contradictory. On one hand the book of 2 Peter is mentioned very little in the past writings of the church leaders. On the contrary, those same leaders did not lummox the book of 2 Peter into the category of the rejected books.Few if any of th ese men make a clear statement of denial of Peter as the author, but many did cast doubts about it. Some of the earliest be documents that refer to 2 Peter, have shown evidence that a debate over its authorship was present in the church. One such document written by Origen in the third century is considered to be the first to explicitly mention 2 Peter by name. This mention by Origen may be the first documented reference to 2 Peter, but many scholars believe there are other writings made by the early church fathers which made allusions to the book.Another leader, Jerome, mentioned doubts surrounding the authenticity of 2 Peter, but never concluded that Peter did not write this letter. A strong fact to support the Petrine authorship is the overwhelming majority the church fathers do not argue against the epistle. 2 Peter was never rejected as suspicious nor was it attributed to anyone other than Peter. In support for Petrine authorship, 2 Peter enjoys wide inclusion in what is argu ably the strongest early Papyrus, which was thought to be as early as the 3rd Century. Due to the support by the church fathers and the lack of opposition to the book, 2 Peter is believed to have unofficially gained canonisation as early as the mid-second Century. Critics of Petrine authorship are quick to point out differences in the styles of the two books of Peter. They feel that the two epistles could not by chance have been written by the same man. Upon examination of the two books, there are clear differences betwixt the two letters. The vocabulary of 1 Peter has only 153 run-in in normal with 2 Peter sequence 543 are unique to 1 Peter and 399 unique to 2 Peter. The book of 2 Peter also has far fewer participles than does first Peter and the ones in 2 Peter are often repeated. One common example given by critics is the use of apokaluyi in 1 Peter and parousiva in 2 Peter to refer to the Lords coming. This is not a practice that is unique to these two letters. Many of th e kit and boodle of Paul contain unique lecture to the particular letter in which it was used. Paul also choose the same terms as Peter used for the Second Coming and selected these words when writing 1 Corinthians and 2 Thessalonians.The problem with the argument for similarity amongst the two epistles seems to be that the critics almost support Peters second epistle to be simply a retrograde of the same material as was seen in the first. There is an unreasonable withdraw for vocabulary and themes that match the first work, but the critics seem to forget the reasons croup the writing of all(prenominal) letter. Each letter was written to handle a different set of circumstances and there was a unique function to for each one epistle. The critics can point to stylistic differences in the books, but this lack of similarity can be explained.The more liberal leaning thinkers also point to the differences in the theology and doctrinal themes of the books as reason to Petrine au thorship. The purpose of 1 Peter can be summed up as a challenge to the believers to endure suffering and live holy lives. 2 Peter on the other hand seems to contain mostly strong warnings against the trumped-up(prenominal) teachers of the day and also a final message to the believers before the death of Peter. This criticism seems to ignore the fact that Peter felt the need to address issues that were pressing at the time of his writing.Differences should be expected if the author is relations with different problems, as was the case with Peter. The assumption that an author must deal with the same topics in both letters is unrealistic and uncommon. Most if not all of Pauls letters deal with issues that were unique to the theater to which Paul sent the letter. It can be concluded that Peter deserves the same consideration as Paul in this matter. Although there are many differences between the two letters of Peter many similarities also exist etween them. The critics point to an excessive amount of repetitive word in 2 Peter, but 1 Peter can also be characterized by repetition of words. Bigg says, The habit of verbal repetition is therefore sort of as strongly marked in the First Epistle as the Second. There are similarities of thought and no document in the upstart Testament is so like 1 Peter as 2 Peter. Upon review of both letters, there does seem to be tolerable commonality between the two books of Peter to conclude that the same man wrote both books.Since there is little evidence to argue against Apostle Peter as the author the first book of Peter, the conclusion can be reached that he also wrote the second. One of the more common practices among the writers of the bran-new Testament was to have a scribe or someone who would write their words for him. Longenecker states in his work, The classic papyri, therefore, indicate quite clearly that an amanuensis was frequently, if not commonly, employed in the writing of in the flesh(predicate) letters during the time approximating the composition of the NT epistles. Sometimes this was done to dish up the writer use better Greek and make his work more chthonicstandable.Men like Peter, who were not educated in the same manner as the fastness class, would need assistance in making their writing more lord and acceptable to the educated class. One plausible explanation for the differences between 1 Peter and 2 Peter is that Peter used an amanuensis to do the actual writing of 1 Peter with Peter checking and approving the final product. This seems to be the clear method in which the first epistle of Peter was written. 1 Peter 512 says, Through Silvanus, our faithful brother (for so I regard him), I have written to you briefly, exhorting and testifying that this is the true prettify of God.Stand firm in it A logical conclusion to explain the differences between the two letter of Peter is that he wrote 2 Peter himself and he had someone write his words for him in his first letter . Peter received the inspiration for both letters from the Holy Spirit, but the methods of recording each of the books were unique. The best argument for Peter being the author of the second epistle is the fact that the letter was eventually accepted as into the New Testament Canon.One of the main reasons for its acceptance would have to be the assumption that the book was written by a man of the standing in the church like the Apostle Peter. Although it could be onymous letters like The Gospel of Peter, The Apocalypses of Peter, The letter of Peter to James, none of these works was accepted into the canon because they hadnt Gods inspiration. Second Peter had gained acceptance into the Canon by the time of Cyril of Jerusalem. The issue of its canonicity was settled by the acceptance of the church leaders such as Cyril, Athanasius, Augustine, and Jerome.These church leaders, who were not easily swayed to allow books into the Canon, acknowledged 2 Peter to be Scripture because of th e overwhelming congenital and out-of-door evidence. ARGUMENTS AGAINST PETER AS AUTHOR OF SECOND PETER Although there seems to be an abundance of evidence to support the idea that Peter wrote the second epistle of Peter, many Christian scholars and thinkers disagree with this assumption. The amount of evidence to disprove Petrine authorship seems to be as great and some would argue more that the evidence to support his authorship.Issues about the date, the style of writing, the lack of historical claims, the brevity of the book, the language used by the author, and the similarities to Jude are all cited as reasons to discount the possibility of the aider known as Simon Peter being the writer. At one point in the history of the church, the leading school of thought was that 2 Peter was an example of pseudepigraphal literature and therefore was not the work of the Apostle. There is little doubt that a authorized answer as to the authorship of this book will not be obtained until al l questions are answered by God in eternity.The book of 2 Peter was and is still considered by many to be pseudepigraphal in nature and was not written by Peter. Ksemann states that 2 Peter is perhaps the most dubious writing in the New Testament. Others went as far as to conclude that virtually no one believes that 2 Peter was written by the disciple and friend of Christ named Peter. These men would argue instead that someone else wrote the letter and used the name of Peter to give legitimacy to it. Pseudonymous works are outlined as the practice of writing a literary work under the pretence that someone else, usually someone more famous, wrote it. 2 Peter is one of only a few books that were accused of being onymous that survived the scrutiny of the canonical counsels and eventually it was accepted by the church fathers. The looming questions over the authorship of 2 Peter has led to the conclusion by most critical scholars that the book needs to be labeled as pseudepigraphal li terature. The issues let from those who are not willing to accept the first verse of 2 Peter and the other internal evidence as sufficient for proving that Peter was the author.These scholars, feel the evidence to support Petrine authorship is weak and should not be accepted without questions and a thorough examination. One major issue is that the features of the letter seem to give evidence of a time later than Peters lifetime. In 2 Peter 34, the author used the phrase, Ever since our fathers died. This verse seems to make a reference the first generation of Christians, which would seem strange coming from Peter as he too was part of this group.Another display case is 2 Peter 315 which states, Bear in mind that our Lords patience means salvation, just as our dear(p) brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. The author seemed to be looking back at the letters of Paul as works already complete and established. Most of Pauls works were not even known about un til well after the death of Peter. The internal evidence in 2 Peter seems to offer as many questions about the authorship of the book as it does answers. The possibility of a pseudonymous author is high due to these facts.One of the most convincing arguments against Petrine authorship of 2 Peter is a thorough examination of the Greek of the epistle. Peter was expound as a Galilean fisherman in the gospels and he and his brothers were most likely worked for a fishing business owned by his family. According to Dr. Leo Percer, Peter was not uneducated, as he most likely attended schools that were taught by the Pharisees to help him learn the Law of Moses. He was not however educated to the extent that we would have been proficient in writing Greek. Many scholars look to the description of Peter in the book of Acts as proof of his lack of education.Acts 413 states, Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were unlearned and ignorant men, they marveled and they took knowledge of them that they had been with Jesus. The Greek of 2 Peter appears to be much less formal and unorganized and it is very different from the Greek of 1 Peter. The ability to conclude that both letters were written by the same hand is very difficult to prove. The Greek of 1 Peter and the Greek of 2 Peter is quite different and contain words and phrasing that make it difficult to compensate the differences between the two books.Two major issues result from the Greek of 2 Peter and help support the idea that Simon Peter was not the author of second Peter. The first is the frank fact that most scholars agree that Peter did write the first book attributed to him, which makes the case against his authorship of the second. The second is the grandiose language that is used by the author. The fact remains it is unlikely that a Galilean fisherman would use the language in this book. The author of 2 Peter seems to be pretentious and out to prove that he has a hold on of the Greek language through the use of such flowery words. Peter was looked at as the leader of the early church, which would give him no reason to feel the need to write in a way to give himself any more credibility than he already possessed. One critic made this statement this letter betrays an artificial dialect of high-sounding words learnt from rhetoricians and books such would not fit well with both Peters modus operandi (of heavy reliance on written extensions for his composition) and with the psychological probability of one attempting to write in a second language. These objects do provide problems for those difficult to prove Peter as the author of 2 Peter. An even more problematic argument against the authorship of Peter for this short epistle is apparent similarities between 2 Peter and Jude. The books share a common message and a common theme. It also appears that the books share at least 17 common passages and parallels to one another. One example is 2 Peter 112 and Jude 5. 2 Peter 112 says, Therefore, I will eer be ready to remind you of these things, even though you already know them, and have been established in the truth which is present with you. The parallel verse in Jude 5 says Now I desire to remind you, though you know all things once for all that the Lord, after saving a people out of the land of Egypt, subsequently destroyed those who did not believe. vertical in these two verses alone there are seven shared words and a few common phrases. Most of the similarities in these two books occur in chapter two and three of 2 Peter and can be seen throughout the one chapter of Jude. This commonality between the two letters presents problems in attempting to establish Petrine authorship.Another issue to be answered is the date of Jude and 2 Peter and the chronology of the two letters. If Jude was written after Peters lifetime (as most scholars assume), then if 2 Peter uses Jude, it cannot be by Peter. There is little evidence for a l ate date of Jude, but there seems to a great deal of evidence for 2 Peter having a late date. The date most scholars agree to for Jude is around 64 AD and even conservative thinkers would place the earliest date for 2 Peter at somewhere around 65 AD.This dating would lead to the assertable conclusion that if Peter was written after Jude that much of 2 Peter was copied from Jude. The comparability of the books also supports the idea of 2 Peter being written at a much later date. A later date for Peter would allow for the writer of the book to use Jude as a source and would help to explain the many similarities. No matter which book was written first, there seems to be clarity that the books share from one another. A final, and mayhap not as convincing, argument is that the overwhelming opinion of Biblical scholars is that Peter was not the author of this letter.One scholar writes, the issue of authorship is already settled, at least negatively the apostle Peter did not write this le tter and that the large bulk of NT scholars adopt this perspective without much discussion. Other men such as Stephen Harris and Werner Kummel agree with this position and go as far as to say that virtually no authorities defend the Petrine authorship of 2 Peter. Even leading conservatives such as Carson and Moo would agree that there is little popular support to back Petrine authorship, but they still hold to the view that Peter wrote both books.The evangelicals and conservatives remind the liberals of the early acceptance of 2 Peter into the canon, but the liberals feel this decision was made before ample scrutiny of the book was made. Nearly two thirds of Bible experts contend that Peter did not write 2 Peter. CONCLUSION The evidence for or against Petrine authorship of 2 Peter is in no way strong enough settle the issue in a conclusive manner. For each point in support of Peter there is an equally convincing argument against him. This debate is not new as it has been going on for close to 2,000 years.At times over that history, the issue seemed to be settled for Peter, but this was a short lived victory as the authorship of the book has been an ongoing issue for the church. Men from the time of Peter until now have searched for a definitive answer, but the answer has remained illusive. Each one of the arguments made by those who support Peter as the author has a counter argument against it. The immaterial evidence, while not proving authenticity neither disproves it, for the evidence provides twenty-two possible usages of 2 Peter. Those who argue for Peter point to the internal evidence, and the personal allusions to the life of Peter.These illusions such as the retelling of the Transfiguration and the suffering of Christ are written by the author to establish his identity as the Apostle Peter. The other side would argue that a pseudo-author wrote in these illusions to try to establish his work as a book of an Apostle. An examination of the issues r egarding the history, style, and even the doctrine of 2 Peter have been attempted to be used against Peter, but on the contrary, may be used to support it. Many of the problems the critics have with these issues can be answered by the fact that Peter likely used an amanuensis to help write his book.Those who disagree with Peter as the writer of 2 Peter would offer pseudonymity as the answer to the question of authorship. The issue with this stand has to be that at the time of 2 Peters canonization, the practice of pseudonymity was hate and had not one example of New Testament usage, while the canonical books were only admitted after careful scrutiny of genuineness. Since 2 Peter was admitted into the Canon, the assumption of there being a pseudo-author is answered. Point by point each argument for Petrine authorship can be disputed, but each one against his authorship can also be torn down.PERSONAL CONCLUSION After examining all of the leading arguments both for and against Peter, I have come to the conclusion that Peter did in fact write the book of 2 Peter. The issue for me isnt style or the quality of the Greek used by the author it is in a personal belief that the Bible is the unerring Word of God. 2 Peter 21 clearly identifies Peter as the author of the epistle, and this ends the debate for me. As I examined evidence against Petrine authorship, I was always drawn back to the fact that the Bible says Peter wrote the book.As Payne says in his book, How can one accept the verbal, plenary inspirationwhich would demand Petrine authorship at verse oneand still call 2 Peter non-canonical? 2 Peter was accepted, even though it was under a grease ones palms of suspicion, into the New Testament Cannon, which qualifies it as the inerrant Word of God. If I believe that the Bible is never wrong, then 2 Peter must have been written by the Apostle named Simon Peter. The question of authorship for me is answered in 10 simple words, Simon Peter, a bond-servant and apo stle of Jesus Christ. Bibliography Green, Michael. Peter & Jude an Introduction and Commentary. Downers Grove, IL Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2007. Green, Christopher & Lucas, diaphysis. The subject matter of 2 Peter & Jude the Promise of His Coming. Leicester, England. IVP Academic, 2004. Eusebius. The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine. New York Penguin Classics, 1990. Gilmour, Michael J. Reflections On the Authorship of 2 Peter. Evangelical Quarterly 73, no. 4 (Oct. Dec. 2001) 291-309. Lillie, John. Lectures On the First and Second Epistles of Peter. Reprint Edition ed. Minneapolis, MN Klock & Klock Christian Pub, 1978.Mayor, Joseph B. The Epistle of St. Jude and the Second Epistle of St. Peter Greek Text with Introduction Notes and Comments. distinguished Rapids Baker, 1979. Moo, Douglas J. 2 Peter, and Jude from Biblical Text to Contemporary Life. Grand Rapids, Mich. Zondervan, 1997. Pfeiffer, Robert Henry. History of New Testament Times, with an I ntroduction to the Apocrypha. Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press, 1972. Walls, David. Holman New Testament Commentary 1 & 2 Peter, 1 2 & 3 John and Jude. niv based ed. Nashville, TN Holman Reference, 1999. 1 . Michael Gilmour, Reflections On the Authorship of 2 Peter, Evangelical Quarterly, Oct. Dec. 2001, 294. 2 . Ibid, 296. 3 . Eusebius, The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine (New York Penguin Classics, 1990), 107. 4 . Michael Gilmour, 297. 5 . Ibid, 297. 6 . Robert Henry Pfeiffer, History of New Testament Times, with an Introduction to the Apocrypha. (Westport, Conn. Greenwood Press, 1972. 490. 7 . Ibid, 491. 8 . Dick Lucas & Christopher Green, The Message of 2 Peter & Jude the Promise of His Coming (Leicester, England. IVP Academic, 2004), 242. 9 . Michael Gilmour, 300. 10 . Dick Lucas and Christopher Green, 243. 12 . 2 Peter 21,(NASB). 15 . MacArthur 16 . Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, p. 832. 17 . Ibid,836. 18 . Bigg, captious and Exegetica l Commentary, p. 227. 20 . Bigg, Critical and Exegetical Commentary, p. 239. 21 . 1 Peter 512, (NASB). 23 . Ernst Ksemann, An excuse for Primitive Christian Eschatology, Essays on New Testament Themes, Studies in Biblical Theology, 42, 1964, p. 169 25 . 2 Peter 34 26 . 2 Peter315, NIV 27 .Dr. Leo Percer, lecture notes. 28 . Acts 413, (KJV). 30 . W. F. Howard, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament, 228. 31 . 2 Peter 112, (NASB). 32 . Jude 5, (NASB) 34 . Daniel B. Wallace, ed. , Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament Manuscript, Patristic, and Apocryphal licence (Grand Rapids, MI Kregel Academic & Professional, 2011), pageNr. 35 . Harris, Stephen L.. Understanding the Bible a readers introduction, second ed. Palo Alto Mayfield. 1985. page 354. 39 . Inerrancy Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1980, 106). 40 . 2 Peter 11

Comparison: Minority Report and 1984 Essay

Is it inhumane to intoxicate and convict a individual of terrible crimes, tear down if it is not yet committed, if it is certain that it will be? Utopia is an imaginary space in which everything is blameless in comparison, dystopia is an imaginary republic in which the assign of life is extremely bad as from deprivation, oppression, or terror. George Orwells 1984 (1949), is a novel based on life in a dystopian setting, with a totalitarian disposal centered on war and hatred. Steven Spielbergs nonage treat (2002) is a film in a futurist setting with a system which predicts future assassinates so that citizens live a homicide-free utopian life.Winston Smith is the main character in 1984. His rebelious views on his participation and government cause his arrest for thoughtcrime, for which he is brainwashed until he complies to his b exclusively clubs views. In nonage business relationship, John Anderton (Tom Cruise) begins by completely rely the system which allegedly predi cts murders before they happen. In fact, Anderton is an officer of precrime himself, and is responsible for calculate out the specific details of the murders. However, when it is revealed in the film that Anderton will murder a man he has not even met, he tries to fence the system to prove his innocence.The idea that causality corrupts and absolute mogul corrupts absolutely is the central message of some(prenominal) 1984 and Minority Report. This is because technology is utilize to hold power, it is purported to be infallible, and the result of the misuse of power is corruption. The use of technology to hold corrupt power is comparable in some(prenominal) 1984 and Minority Report. Firstly, in both societies technology is utilize to give the citizens statistics about how much the state of living has improved since the source of power was created. In 1984, the announcer on the telescreen reads, tutelage comradesWe have glorious news for you the standard of living has risen by no less than 20 per cent over the past year. (Orwell 61). Similarly, in Minority Report, the Precrime service announcer proudly boasts that at bottom three months of the precrime chopine, the homicidal rate in the District of Columbia had reduced 90% (Minority Report). In both societies, statistics be manipulated to citizens to encourage them to appreciate the government. Also, technology is used in both of these works so the government always knows where each individual person is.In 1984, this is done by the use of telescreens, which received and transmitted simultaneously. all sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the house of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard (Orwell 5). In Minority Report, retina scanners are in every public aim, and eye-scanning spiders can crawl into houses and apartments at every given(p) moment to locate everyone. I n both 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used to monitor people.The people in the novel 1984 are monitored so any thoughtcrime or illegal behaviour is noteed by the use of telescreens in every room, as well as devices unnoticeable in the open which record sound. Similarly, the citizens in the film Minority Report are monitored to detect any sign of potential murder. In 1984 and Minority Report, technology is used by the government to enforce power reinforces the corruption of the government itself. As well as the use of technology, the believed infallibility of power in both 1984 and Minority Report leads to corruption.In 1984, as well as Minority Report, the leaders of the government system hold unquestionable authority. The god-like figure, Big Brother, in 1984, is love by all his loyal followers Big Brother seemed to towboat up, an invincible fearless protector (Orwell 17). In Minority Report, the precogs which predict homicide are the guardians of the people in a way th ey give us look forward to hope of the existence of the divine (Minority Report). Secondly, the power source is purported to be perfect. In both societies youngsterren are brainwashed by the system so they grow to be adults with full faith in it.The childrens Spies program in 1984 turned the children into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party (Orwell 26). Comparably in Minority Report, children are seen touring the Department of Precrime, on a school field trip to learn more about the system. When people are brought up with except knowledge of one system, it results in generations of loyal supporters. Lastly, the systems in both societies continue to be foolproof receivable to their control of people by fear and influencing their daily lives.In 1984, the Party does this by the fabrication of the war, as well as pessimistic propaganda. An example of this is the poster that is plastered all acro ss the city for Hate Week from whatever angle you looked at the poster, the muzzle of the gun magnified by the foreshortening, seemed to be pointed straight at you (Orwell 156). The method is more subtle in Minority Report, but it is lock in present the show COPS is shown on television to emphasize the horror of crimes, so the public will support the Precrime program.Due to these factors the source of power is out(predicate) to be fought against consequently, corrupt governments maintain complete control. A source of power which is infallible has the same inwardness on its citizens in 1984 and Minority Report alike. In both, the main characters are forced by their rules of order to do whatever they can to survive. As Iris Hineman (Lois Smith) in Minority Report says, When the chips are down, when the pressure is on, every creature on the face of the farming is interested in one thing and one thing unlessits own survival (Minority Report).This is relevant in 1984 when Winston i s discussing with Julia what will happen when they snuff it caught Julia says, Everybody always confesses. You cant help it. They torture you (Orwell 173). Similarly, in Minority Report, John Anderton is being hunted down for the crime he has not committed and he says, Everybody runs (Minority Report). The source of power has the same force play on the citizens in the different societies. Secondly, the offenders of crime in 1984 and Minority Report are sent to similar places.In 1984, thoughtcrime offenders are sent to the Ministry of Love, which is a place impossible to enter except on official business, and then only by penetrating though a maze of barbed-wire entanglements, steel doors, and hidden machine gun nests (Orwell 7). In Minority Report, precrime criminals are sent someplace which resembles this in both places people are essentially brainwashed so they cannot commit any more crimes. Lastly, the people in power by the government are corrupt because they use unethical ta ctics to arrest supposed criminals.In 1984, the children are turned against their parents if they suspect them of thoughtcrime and they are rewarded for this child hero was the phrase generally used (Orwell 32). In Minority Report, the government is in the wrong because they arrest people who may have no, or little, intention of carrying out the murders that have crossed their minds. The people in power are corrupt because they use unethical tactics to keep the society as they believe it should be. The result on the people exposed or involved in the governments power is similar in both works.Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely Orwells 1984 and Spielbergs Minority Report are two works which support this, due to the similar uses of technology to enforce power, the way power is seemingly flawless, and the effect the corruption has on the people. The idea that power corrupts can directly bushel to occurrences in real life, such as Hitler taking over Germany and effect that had on the whole world. Corruption means to act dishonestly in return for personal gain, specifically power. Power and corruption are an interminable cycle with fatal effects on society.

Oh Mary Don’t You Cry Any More Essay

The short story by Fay Weldon is slightly a elfin family of three, the overprotect Shirley and her daughters Gracey and Lisa, their life-time on the small island Tasmania and it is about their attempt to get to happiness.*In the beginning of the story we learn, that the girls Gracey and Lisa doesnt wear dress or flat new clothes, because their mother believes, that their feet will grow better without shoes confining them, and that they shouldnt spend their m angiotensin-converting enzymey on new clothes, as the well-worn clothes show it of the girls pretty bodies.We learn that Gracey is the prettier and elder one of the two girls.The family doesnt have a lot of money, as the girls find has left them to start a new life on the chief(prenominal)land. He finally had finally had enough when Shirley cheated on him. He had been the familys main income, as Shirley doesnt work.The father, having started a new family on the mainland, doesnt come across much nor is he generous in pay ing alimony.When the girls dont have a father figure, it is Shirleys responsibility to cabal the girls. Shirley wants to raise them to be optimistic and she tries to make sure, that they dont suffer from her mistakes, in regard to their dad.Shirley feels that Tasmania is paradise and that it will always protect her and the girls, except Gracey is skeptic shes seen how hard and inhumane the pretty island can be.Graceys guitar and bound lessons, is something Shirley can scrape money together for, but the family doesnt have a freezer or a car, and their house was sound of gabs and holes being left unfixed.As time goes on, Shirley gets older and so does her friends, consequence they have rich husbands and sophisticated lives, Shirley keeps on being free-spirited and sort of desolate in her glory days, where everyone was free. Shirley is and will always be a hippie.money from the girls estranged father comes few and far in among, Shirley still doesnt have a job, so the state step s in. Shirley thence tells the girls, that the reality is kind and easeful, she tells them to work hard, so that they can have the opportunity to help others in the future.So Lisa starts studying hard and Gracey works hard with her dance and guitar, so that time and money isnt wasted.Shirley has a one shadow stand with her best friends husband, and is, after all the retardation has subsided, shut out of the society. Shirley tells her girls, that they should see life as love, touching and closeness, and that commove is a part of life and nothing to be ashamed of.Gracey is a good singer and Shirley makes it a point to show her of, to everyone in Hobart, by hosting a simple Sunday brunch, which pith vegetable soup, bacon and beans. Gracey suspects a frame or maybe more of a schedule, which the community expects to have made, so that they know when to show up. And only the wives came, as the men are engaged people.Gracey gets a lot of praise, but her younger sister Lisa doesnt seem jealous, she just keeps on struggling with piano lessons, so that she will be able to fit in with Shirleys guitar and Graceys voice. The folk metrical composition they play fit Graceys voice, as they are pure, full of hope, life and love, but with an underlying hint of melancholy.Gracey is suddenly on the edge between childhood and adolescence, she is in a vulnerable state and Shirley suddenly worries about boys and whether there is anyone good enough for her daughter.Shirley also feels, that shes taught her girls to be independent to go after what they want.As autumn comes, so does a increment spurt Graceys feet and they go from a size 5 to a 7.Autumns golden leaves are expected to blow slightly the island, with the force of the gravy Forties, soon.There is an end-of-term cabaret on the school, and an official from the mainland is going to there. Shirley sees it as the improve chance for Gracey to show her talent. The four different costumes wouldnt be intemperate Shi rley can just make them herself. The four different shoes, however is another(prenominal) story entirely because of Graceys very new size means new shoes and new shoes mean spending money, which Shirley doesnt have.Shirley and Lisa cries, but once again it is Gracey, who is brave and realistic, as she tries to comfort her mother and sister. Shirley gets the idea that they should work for the money, at the Hobart Marked.Shirley plays her guitar, Gracey sings and Lisa held the sheets. They play the song Oh, Mary come int You Cry Any More. Graceys young voice doesnt have any power against the wind just as charming and miraculous as it was I the family room, just as sharp and noiseless is it on the street. Nobody can hear her, but even if they could they just walk on by, embarrassed or appalled by their debile performance.The cold hard winter winds arrives and shoots down their al analyzey weak performance, but doing so saves Gracey by forcing the words of their sad song dorsum into her mouth, and she finally gets to cry.Shirley being the optimistic person she is tells the girls, that they could have done it if not for the wind, but Gracey is fully aware of how wrong her mother is.*As we read Shirley was a hippie and her way of looking at things was a bit too optimistic, like shes being too happy so that she wont have to face things. And thats where I phone we should find the theme of this story around Shirley, as she is what this story revolves around her and her daughters, not her daughters and her. I consider the theme is Broken Dreams and I think that because of Shirleys entire view on the world is a dream, a dream she tries to get her daughters to see too. And I think, that maybe what is really important in this story is, that if Shirley had stopped trying to find the perfect happiness, then maybe she could have ended the story being happy with her girls.

Human Growth and Development Essay

gibe to blue jean Pi maturets guess of Cognitive Development baby birdrens cognitive teaching formal operations is established at the cognitive emergence put of ab discover age 12 to 15 years. This is reflected in the childs ability to reason adolescence hypothetically and independently on concrete states of affairs, with the structures represented by the logical combination systems. The rates at which children go out progress through the development succession developed by Piaget may take leave from one culture to the some other in addition, different children vary in terms of the areas of functioning to which they do apply their formal operation, in line with their aptitudes and professional specialization.Therefore, this paper aims at making around of Jean Piagets theory of ego-centrism of childhood and childish to help figure out the reflection of de- egotistity which is the issue of child and adolescent development concerned in the film The Outsiders through the c haracter Ponyboy Curtis a 14 year hoary in the film. The film show boldnesss a clash amongst two juntos, the greasers and Socs, whereby preteen adults comprise the ingroup members as well as their major protagonists.Introducing the surmisal of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescenceJean Piaget a Swiss scholar started studying apt development in the 1920s, with the theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescence being of great greatness to Piaget, and especially so in genetic epistemology. According to Piaget, egocentrism is the most striking deficiency that contributes to other intellectual shortcomings. In his definition, Piaget looks at ego-centrism as the tendency to view the world from ones induce location and having a difficultly recognizing the other partys point of view.This condition is in general caused by the fact that the child will precisely talk about themselves failing to put he or herself in the others point ofview. This is the case in the first tw o stages of Jean Piagets Cognitive hypothesis. The cardinal stages in the theory are the first between birth to 2 years which is the sensor-motor stage, 2 to 7 years the preoperational stage, concrete operational stage between 7 to 11 years, and the final stage consists of formal operations from 11 years and above.Adolescents are observed to be less egocentric than the younger children, this is attributed to the fact that as they grow they become aware of the human race of others existence. Thus, it is believed adolescents gradually abandon egocentrism of children in many aspects. However, it is classic to strike off that when these abilities first develop, adolescents may have a problem distinguishing their thinking from that of the thoughts of others. Therefore, an adolescent may regards others point of view with their own room of think thence one will tend to think of how others will think of him or herself (Shi, 2014).On the other hand, de-egocentrism is based on Jean Pia gets theory of ego-centrism of childhood and adolescence. The influence of ego-centrism tends to diminish with the coming of age, that is, adolescents tend to dispose of their ego-centrism along with the coming of age. Thus, the others can look at the bear on of de-egocentrism as the essence of children and adolescents abandoning their ego-centrism when communicating with each other, onerous to appreciate the others point of view and trying to make they be understood (Shi, 2014).De-egocentrism in the filmThe plot runs by Ponyboy Curtis a young adolescent and a member of the lower-class gang greasers. The Ponyboy lives with his two elder comrades Darrel and pa. Well Ponyboy seem to prefer Soda to Darrel since the elder Darrel tends to treat him as if he was 6 instead of 14 years. When the Socs gang attacks Ponyboy on his way home, Darrel blames him for not carrying a blade with him. From his point of view, Ponyboy feels Darrel is only blaming him since he is views him as another mouth to follow and somebody to call out at. At this point Ponyboy does not understand why Darrel shouts at him, make a mis apprehensiveness between the fellows portraying Ponyboys egocentrism. Heregards Darrel with his own way of thinking, failing to understand him from Darrel point of view. Darrel sacrifices everything to see to it that Ponyboy is successful in life, and believes Ponyboy will never fail to live up to his expectations, however, all these is beyond Ponyboys instinct (Ford, 1983).According Shi (2014), Ponyboys egocentrism seem to be cast off when the brothers are reunited in the hospital. Ponyboy sees Darrel crying with tears ringlet downs his chicks, and he discerns all over sadden that Darrel does care about him as he is trying too hard to make something of his younger brother Ponyboy. It is at this point that Ponyboy accomplishes the task of de-egocentricity through the realization of the importance of intellectual others. During this transformation, Pony boy undergoes a great deal of frustration, by which he realizes the significance of understanding others. With the casting off of his bias against his brother, he manages to distinguish his thinking on his own thoughts, from the thinking about the thoughts of his brother in the bear on comprehending his brothers viewpoint.Ponyboys egocentrism gives rise to the breakdown of Soda his certify brother in the film. Ponyboy might have loved Soda more than than anybody else in their family however, he failed to understand him. When Soda finally breaks, Ponyboy tries to understand Sodas distress of breaking up with his girlfriend and his dilemma towards his conflicts between Darrel and him. It is from this point that Ponyboy starts attaching great importance to others instead of only himself, in the process giving up his ego-centrism, which his process of de-egocentricity. The brothers get to mature in understanding with the three of them understanding and realizing they ought to stick t o together against all odds. Thus, the process of de-egocentricity helps them realize the importance of brotherly affection.Ponyboy and cherry red Valance a cheerleader at the indoctrinate and the Socs leaders girlfriend enjoy a intimate chart and share some interesting time with Ponyboy. They are both(prenominal) interested in watching the sun sics though from different places. Cherry is from the stop number class while Ponyboy is from thelower class, and despite this difference, they can enjoy the resembling sunset showcasing a level of de-egocentricity. However, Cherry will not give birth Ponyboy as friend in public and evens warns him against it, displaying her ego-centrism. Later own Cherrys de-egocentrism makes her stand in defense of the greasers when they are attacked by the Socs (Shi, 2014). cultureUnder human growth and development, culture is a very important aspect. This is a process by which acquire behaviors and beliefs of the culture they live in, and this proc ess is known to bring about three outcomes, which are self mandate allowing one to have self-control. The second outcome is role eagerness allowing preparation of occupational and gender roles, and thirdly, is the cultivation of sources of meanings providing consolation and guidance. In the film The Outsiders, Ponyboy undergoes a complete transformation from hoodlums into a promising adolescent who peruses glorious victory through valiant deeds. Thus, socialization means adolescents trying to comply with set social norms which act a turning point in the development of adolescents.Jean Piaget is among the psychologists who believe that peers may contribute as much as an adult or even more to the development of a child or an adolescent (Piaget, 2008). For instance, Johnny is an adolescent as young as Ponyboy, who is seen to be gloomy after being beaten up soberly by the Socs. Having been deprived of family affection he seen as the gangs pet and everyones kid brother. Lacking a pos itive self-identity he is forced to seek self-esteem by identifying with the group the greasers. Ponyboy and Jonny develop great friendship and they get along well together. When Ponyboy has conflicted with his brothers he runs off to find consolation in Johnny (Shi, 2014).ConclusionDe-egocentricity is characterized by the understanding of others among adolescents individuals, which is a reflection of adolescents internal coming of age is the processes undergone by Ponyboy. On the other hand, socialization signifies the consciousness of social norms to behave in a way that is acceptable to the society, which is an observable external behaviorof coming of age. Therefore, through a psychoanalytical study The Outsiders reveals a crucial process of young adults de-egocentricity and socialization so as their own values and fulfils the task of coming to age as Jean Piaget puts it in his Theory of Cognitive Development.ReferenceFord, F., Hinton, S. E., Dillon, M., Macchio, R., Swayze, P., Lowe, R., & Waldspurger, R. The Outsiders (film). Piaget, J. (2008). bright evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development, 51(1), 40-47. Shi, D. (2014). De-egocentricity and Socialization A Study of Hintons The Outsiders. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(4), 668-674.