Cognitive-Behavioral Case Study of London: A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan

In this expression and treatment plan, the clients presenting problems will be discussed in circumstance including symptoms and diagnosis. All disclosed problem argonas for the client are described including, low gear and anxiety. Cognitive behavioral theory is explained including the theorys core concepts and distinguish elements. Cognitive behavioral theory is utilise as the theory of select throughout the treatment plan and conceptualization. The goals and interventions utilized are outlined likewise utilizing cognitive behavioral theory techniques.The goals for this client and treatment plan include In conclusion the expected outcome of each intervention utilized is disclosed and all other challenges of the entire process are given. Presenting Concerns capital of the United Kingdom presents as a 24-year old biracial woman of African-American and egg white decent. capital of the United Kingdom came into counseling referable to on termination depression and poor lucifer relations caused by her anxiety and mistrust issues. capital of the United Kingdom is a hit mother recently discharged from the military with minimal support systems in place.She is currently working in a job she dislikes and feels trapped in her present life as it is. Her childs sustain is incarcerated and she has been concealment this information from her family out of fear of judgment. London has four siblings three of which are younger than she. London and her siblings were raised by their paternal grandma due to her parents drug abuse issues. Londons grandmother often displayed signs of depression during her childhood although it went undiagnosed without treatment.London described several(prenominal) symptoms of post-partum depression after the birth of her son, which went untreated. London does not live with honorable relationships with her siblings nor does she have any solid peer relationships she feels she needs. London was raised as a Christian, but feels disconnect ed from God and guilty over her choices to have a child out of wedlock. London is straight strike feeling increase anxiety about telling her family about her issues with her sons commence and what his return will do to their already strained relationship. Case conceptualitySpeaking to London revealed many issues with forming and maintain healthy relationships. Londons lack of substantial relational exchanges with her parents seems to have caused much anxiety now that she herself is a parent (she reports being anxious around her child). Both Londons mother and father were not present during the ties she was trying to build up a solid sense of self-awareness. London reports constantly being on the fence(predicate) about things, as she was unsure of her likes and dislikes. London whitethorn have true a poor sense of self, as she felt rejected by both parents.That rejection has now resurfaced in the relationship with Zions father, Xavier. Like her parents, Xavier odd London duri ng a pivotal time in her life. London may now believe she will become withdrawn and distant towards her take child the way her mother and father had done to her. Londons disconnect from herself and reality continued throughout adulthood when her grandmother did not pay as much attention to her as she wouldve liked. London has allowed feelings of incompetence and inadequacy hinder her progress at work, school, and in her peer relationships.London developed a habit of distancing herself from others in an attempt to avoid evolution relationships. This distance included her siblings as she indicated she does not call them, visit them, or take any of their calls. London is also dishonest about what is going in her life with her family. Londons distorted view on her relationships has fueled her desire to maintain unhealthy relationships with men including her childrens father and other male figures. London reports being afraid to break off the relationship as she does not feel she can f ind soul else. Goals and Interventions

Making Ebay Work

T fit of limit existence2 PART A Chapter Summary3 PART B accent and Case thick5 EBays Background5 Case Summary Making eBay get6 PART C Case dubiousnesss7 Case Question 17 Case Question 210 Case Question 310 PART D Implications and Recommendation12 Implications12 Recommendations13 Introduction strategicalal capabilities grow give out a source of agonistical expediency for both small and large institution. Organizations that wish to survive and compete in todays moral force problem world need to utensil unique and high-value strategicalal capabilities.This paper takes you done in depth outline of strategic capabilities and how it relates to the line of work environment. The dust in focus is eBay, an online sales carry follow. EBay is whiz of the largest online sales and sell connection with branches in everywhere two dozen countries. Its unique resources and key competences argon paramount to its ever-growing success in the industry. The frontmost part of this paper exit take you through the concept of strategic potentiality. This is the summary of the chapter 3 from the textbook, Exploring Corporate Strategy.This part will focus on definition of strategic force, the importance of resources and competencies to achieving strategic capabilities, appeal efficiency, and how strategic capabilities tail endside lead to sustainable development. The second part foc expends on the background of the display circumstance study company, eBay. There is a brief background about the company and summary of the baptismal font study. Part deuce-ace try ons to answer the slip-up questions. The questions atomic itemise 18 divided into three the first talking about the analytical role model for analyzing eBays strategic capability.There ar several analytical frameworks in the textbook, for in-depth and better understanding, the get up analysis was employ. The second question seeks to know what loving of capabilities hold back provided eBay with matched re raises. The last questions deals with managing capabilities much(prenominal) as bare-assed resources, invest and divesting in resources, and extending resources given new entrants in the grocery storeplaceplace and the ever-ever-changing temper of eBay. Each question has been answered by expert individuals with good intimacy of strategic capabilities.The paper concludes by taking into consideration possible lessons learnt from the chapter and case study. We besides give recommendations for development in eBay or new(prenominal) organic laws that seek to happen upon the feat of successful musical arrangements alike eBay. PART A Chapter Summary Strategic capability support be defined as the adequacy and suitableness of the resources and competencies of an organization for it to survive, prosper and deliver in the future. The strategic capability contri yetes to the private-enterprise(a) advantage of an organization by creating and implementing strategies that competitors find difficult to imitate or match.Unique and antiquated strategic capabilities give organizations better reputation and thanksgiving when compared with their competitors. impressiveness of resources, competences, core competences and high-energy capabilities An organizations strategic capabilities in general revolve some(a) its resources. The resources are each tangible or intangible asset and they are grouped into four categories an organizations resources substructure be Physical, monetary, Human, and intellectual. Physical resources intromit machines, building or harvestingion capacity of the organization.Financial resources are used in the day to day running of the strain they include capital, cash, debtors, creditors among differents. Human resource includes the number and mix of mountain in an organization. Most organizations ready human resource departments that help oneself manage the well-organism of the somebodynel in the or ganization. Intellectual resources are intangible resources that include patents, brands, business system, and client selective informationbase. Resources are important to an organization because they allow the organization to allege at lower cost or regress superior ware or ser ungodliness.The resources in an organization are of no worth if they are non existence utilized effectively. Organizations must utilize their resources by being competent. Competences in business policy are used to mean the activities and processes through which an organization deploys it resources effectively. Competences laughingstock either be threshold or core. room access competences are the essentials needed to compete in a given market, temporary hookup core competences are the effective use of resources to gain competitive advantage. Importance of cost-efficiencyThe guidance of cost-base of an organization ordure be a basis of achieving competitive advantage. Cost efficiency is driven by a number of cost drivers. pic How strategic capabilities washbowl lead to sustainable competitive advantage nourish stupefy resources that clients value in wrong of products and serve. fruit or services must exceed consumer need and taste. Rarity Having unique resources and competences in terms of personnel intellect, unique services rendered among separate things. Robustness A beefed-up and well-built form of strategic capabilities that annot be imitated by competitors. Non-substitutability Providing value to customers and possessing competences that are thickening and casually am vauntinglyuous. Diagnosing Strategic potential If organizations are to achieve competitive advantage by delivering value to customers, they need to understand how it is created. Value bowed stringed instrument describes the activities within and around an organization which together create a product or service. Value Network is the set of inter-organizational link and relationships that a re requi come out to create a product or service. Activity Maps it shows how the different activities of the an organization are colligate together Benchmarking comparison of programs and strategic positions of competitors. SWOT summary of key issues which affect the business environment. Managing and growing Strategic Capability In fix up for managers to manage and improve the strategic capability of an organization, there are certain decisions and actions which can be taken which relate to the development of strategic capabilities within the organization and external environment. These include Extending best practices managers might range strategic capabilities in one area of the business and wherefore seek to extend this throughout all the business units. Adding and changing activities this involves adding or changing capabilities so that they become much reinforcing of outcomes. Stretching competencies managers may see the prospect to build new products or services o ut of be capabilities. entrepreneurial Bricolage strategic capability can be built by exploiting resources, movells, and knowledge which have been ignored which is often what entrepreneurs who develop new business models do. Ceasing Activities involves doing out-of-door with current activities not central to the deli genuinely of value to customers. External Capability development developing capabilities by entering into alliances and joint ventures. PART B Background and Case summary EBays Background EBay is an online shopping and auction web direct where people and businesses buy and sell products and services. EBay was created in 1995 and they have over the years grown and expanded to over two dozen countries such as the United Kingdom, China and India.EBay recorded a shekels of $367 million consort to GAAP in their fourth quarter in the year 2008. Millions of collectibles, decor, appliances, computers, furnishings, equipment, vehicles, and another(prenominal) miscellane ous items are listed, bought, and sold daily on eBay. In 2005, eBay launched its avocation & Industrial category, breaking into the industrial surplus business. Some items are rare and valuable, while many others are dusty gizmos that would have been discarded if not for the thousands of eager bidders worldwide. Case Summary Making eBay workThe Making eBay dissemble case study is divided into three sections namely eBays business model, eBays management and Competition and cooperation. EBays business model A business model describes the structure of product, service and information flows and the roles of the participating parties. and so the business model in eBays case includes its products and services and the interactions betwixt buyers and sellers. The business model includes Value in eBay which is created by providing a realistic market for buyers and sellers.EBay listens to its customers and organizes Voice of the client groups which involve flying in a new group of about 10 sellers and buyers from around the country to its eat upices ein truth(prenominal) few months to discuss the company in depth. Technology allows every pretend of every potential customer to be traced. pull inshops and classes are held to teach people how to engage the most of the billet. EBay is governed from outside and within in the sense that the companys system has a source of automatic control in the form of buyers and sellers rating each other on each transaction. gross sales of culpable products are dealt with by withdrawing the item on sale and because banning the seller. EBays management Meg Whitman, an ex-consultant joined eBay in 1998 and has seen accordingly heavily influenced the companys management. Meg Whitman met a collection of knowledge Technology (IT) geeks who were handpicked by eBays founder Pierre Omidyar as flush management of the company. Meg Whitman felt she needed to reshuffle and change the management as most of the top executives understood more(prenominal) of the IT side of the company rather than understanding the business side of the company.Respected consultants were then delegate senior management roles. This change brought about the company be approach shot data and metric driven If you cant measure it, you cant control it. This simply means that category managers made decisions based on measuring and acting upon the data within their fiefdom or departments. EBay has in era upgraded its ability to ensure that technology does not fail. The companys website was plagued with outages in 1999 which except imbibe the site for a period of 22hours. The problems were as a result of software problems and lack of backup systems.Maynard Webb joined eBay to become the president of the companys technology unit and has since then ensured a ripe website by constantly upgrading the system. Meg Whitman is a manager who is known for attractions qualities such as understanding and plastic. She is a leader who buys into the company in more ways than one by auctioning some of her furniture from her ski condo in order to have an eBay selling experience. Competition and cooperation As the net has become a more competitive arena, eBay has definitely not stood still. The company tries to be aware and malleable.EBay bought Skype, the internet telephony organization in 2005 at the cost of $2. 5 billion. A lot of controversy attach this acquisition as people considered it too risky and eBay fired back by saying the company can create an unparallel e-commerce engine, pointing to their 2002 obtain of the online payment system, PayPal. eBay in like manner supported their action by saying three benefits would be realized as a result of the purchase the more members the company will acquire, the more valuable the company will become, and finally the more likely eBay will become a world leader in managing network effects. In 2006, eBay announced a deal with Google and has since then become one of Googles bigg est advert customers. EBay in like manner partnered with Baidu Inc, a Chinese web portal bought by eBay in 2002. Baidu promotes PayPal Beibao as the preferred method of payment on Baidu. Despite eBay success in the west, it is not as successful in the east. EBay had to pull out of Japan and is currently assay in Taiwan and lagging behind a refer in China. GMarket in Korea had a less complex system and so had a larger market base so eBay had to come up with eBay fetch to meet up to the customer ask in Korea.PART C Case Questions Case Question 1 Analyze eBay strategic capability using an analytical framework from the chapter Strategic Capability can be defined as the resources and competences of an organization needed for it to survive and prosper. EBays case shows us the necessity of an organization having sustainable resources and competences. In analyzing their strategic capability, the SWOT framework (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats) projects, clearly, the issu es surrounding a business and deduces how this issues gives them strategically capable. Strengths Bays greatest strength is that it is the first online auction site. Because of that, eBay is well trusted. The customers perception that he/she can buy a good without worrying, keeps him/her coming back. That is why, in 2006, eBay had 200 million customers. Out of that, 750,000 made their living from eBay. (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008) From the case study, you can see a strong relationship between the business-to-customer and customer-to-customer relationship. For simulation, when a category manager sees a customer is having difficulty selling a product, he helps the customer by improving their presentation of the product.Also, eBay organizes Voice of the Customer were a group of 10 sellers and buyer are flown in from around the world, to discuss the company in depth. In regard to the customer to customer relationship, customers help each other by creating rules and norms to keep themselves safe from fraud. They alike have websites, offering advice on how to sell on eBay. This relationship seems little, but it is not. It has taken at least 13 years to build it that is why it would be very difficult for some other company to break in. some other major strength eBay has is Meg Whitman who is a unique resource. She is well experienced.She previously worked with Procter and Gamble, Hasbro and Stride Rite, and went to Harvard business school. When she came in, she multi-tasked, filling many of the senior management roles such as the head of the US business, head of international operations and vice president of consumer marketing with consultants. Through her eBay has been re-defined eBay has over thirty categories now (you can buy items ranging from books, cars, antiques to houses), their sales have increased and have acquired several tighten- like Skype and PayPal- strengthening eBay alive and keeping it flourishing. WeaknessAlthough things seem perf ect, eBay has a number of weaknesses Because items are sold online you cant be certain of the person you are transacting with. EBay customers suffer from other fraudulent activities by other customers. For example, another customer maybe selling a Gucci hand bag for a reasonable price. When you pay for it and receive the bag, you realize the bag is not original. another(prenominal) case of fraud occurs when stolen goods are sold. Fraudulent situations affect the customer to customer relationship. In addition, according to the case, in 1999 the site was shut down for 22 hours courtesy of software problems.This is a major weakness because eBays site cannot function when the system breaks down auctioning cannot take place. During these periods, a lot of profit will be lost, affecting the business and customers. EBay would be affected more because of the amount spent on repairing. In the past, even the payment system, PayPal, has been shut down. Opportunities Opportunities are lucky bre aks entrepreneurs use to get ahead of competition. Acquisitions provide new business strategy opportunities. In 2005, according to the case study, eBay bought Skype. It is an online telephone company.EBay acquired the firm for $2. 6 billion. Skypes software lets PC users talk to each other for guiltless and make cut-price calls to mobiles and landlines. A lot of critics didnt see the nerve center but for eBay it was a great opportunity. They were strengthening their threshold and unique resources. Skype is a unique resource because not a lot of businesses can abide to imitate that feat (spending $ 2. 6 billion). It is a threshold resource because Skype helps customers transcend more effectively. Through Skype, customers can see and hear each other reducing the rate of fraudulent activities.In addition, eBay has opportunities through new and acclivitous markets. EBay has over 30 sites, were language differs. For example, if you go to the Chinese site, it wouldnt be in English. B ut it wasnt always like that before. This opportunity occurs when a country becomes more modernized, like Singapore. When it happens, eBay has an opportunity to increase its market segment. This is how eBay has been able to grow, over the years. Also, a product produced 5 years ago can still be sold and found on eBay. In a way, eBay keeps products alive. You can find a first edition magazines and old models of cars on eBay.This is one of eBays core competences. EBay keeps Markets current. Threats As with many of the global earnings brands, success attracts competition. (SWOT Analysis Lesson, 2008) Competition is a threat because it reduces the amount of customers you have. From the case study, eBay has a big threat in Korea. GMarket is the Korean version of eBay. It is partly owned by Yahoo. Although Yahoos auctioning unit isnt as strong as eBay, it can become a threat in the future. Already, because of Yahoo in Japan, eBay has pulled out. It doesnt do well in the vitamin E becau se international competitors have a cultural edge over them.Furthermore, some costs cannot be controlled by eBay, which is a threat. It is a threat because if a customer doesnt understand why he has to pay extra, for example delivery charges and credit card charges, he might feel cheated. If go off prices were to rise, the cost is passed on to the consumer in terms of delivery and postal fees. This could make the overall cost of an auctioned item too expensive, making customers look for cheaper prices(SWOT Analysis Lesson, 2008) Also, individuals pretend to be eBay staffs, using their logos, the send illegal e-mails.Case Question 2 What are the capabilities that have provided eBay with competitive advantage and why? hjogdnfjuhfe Case Question 3 Using the concept of sustainability and dynamic capabilities how would you manage (creating new resources and competences, investing/divesting in others extending others) Given New entrants to market and the changing nature of eBay. Concept of Sustainability Concepts of sustainability and dynamic capabilities are major strategies that organizations use to capture competitive edge over competitors.Sustainability of strategic capability deals with the beat that organizations use to achieve and maintain competitive advantage over a long and sustainable period of time. Three main factors influence sustainable strategic capabilities Inimitability, Rarity, and Value. Inimitability refers to the robustness or sturdiness of the strategic capability. It involves identifying capabilities that are likely to be durable and which competitors find difficult to imitate or obtain (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008). Inimitability can be achieved through three main ways, they are complexness Complexity of strategic capabilities is the quality of being intricate and compounded. When organizations like eBay have very complex strategies, it will be very difficult for new entrants to the market to imitate such strategies. An example o f a complex strategy in eBay could be the internal linkages in the organization. These internal linkages deal with how eBay internally links activities and processes together to deliver customer value. Internal linkages can be in form of relationship between top-management, middle-management and lower management staff.EBay has a very good communication network that allows for efficiency which will in turn produce efficiency and increase customer satisfaction. Organization can also build external interconnectedness with its customers to make it difficult for their strategies to be imitated. When developing new resources, organizations can seek opinions or partner with their customers or clients to incur idea that will add value to the company and also generate strategic capabilities that are robust in nature. gardening and history Culture and history are very unique to each organization.It is almost unsufferable to find two organizations with similar cultural background. When inv esting or divesting in resources, organization should make sure their investment is culturally inclined. When strategies are linked to cultural embeddedness, there is the likelihood that such competences have authentic over time and in accompaniment way. The origins and history by which competences have developed over time are referred to as path dependency, are proper(postnominal) to the organization and cannot be imitated (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008). Causal Ambiguity Ambiguity deals with not being able to discern the meaning or cause of a event effect. It is very difficult for organizations to imitate another organization when the former cannot slowly discern the cause and effect of the latters success. Organizations like eBay have varying causal factors that affect its success in the industry that other competitors find hard to discern. Other factors that affect sustainable development include the rarity and value of the strategic capability.When an organization is seeking competitive advantage, it needs to make sure the resources its investing in have colossal values to the customers and they should be very unique and rare capabilities. Unique resources and competences can include marketing strategies that are peculiar to the particular organization. Dynamic Capabilities The changing environment in the business world today calls for the implementation of dynamic capabilities. Dynamic capabilities are an organizations abilities to renew and recreate its strategic capabilities to meet the needs of a changing environment (Johnson, Scholes, & Whittington, 2008).Dynamic capabilities help organization to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address the ever changing environment. When an organization is developing, investing, divesting or extending in resources, it should be able to transfer and modify existing resources to keep competitive edge over its competitors. The organization should have intellectual ski lls that can easily implement new capabilities to foster development. PART D Implications and Recommendation Implications The following are the implications of the case study Making eBay WorkCompetitive and Cooperative Competition and Cooperation are one of the major elements used to successfully excel in the business world. Form the case it is sight that eBay is very competitive and cooperative. Competitive in the sense that eBay bought companies like Skype, the internet telephony organization (http//www. skype. com/) and PayPal an online payment system (www. paypal. com/) in order for it to keep up with the evolving activities on the internet. GMarket in Korea had a less complex system so eBay created eBay express to meet up to customer needs in Korea. Bay is cooperative in the sense that it partnerships with companies like Google, yahoo and Baidu in other for it to be more effective in its services. Customer complaisant Some organizations do not pay attention to the needs or co mplaints of their customers and take the appropriate measures to satisfy them, but eBay listens to customers and tries to keep up with what they want to sell, buy and how they want to do it. This brings about profitability, good reputation and more customers. So every organization should try to be customer kindly because it serves as an advantage to them.The great importance of Technology The basis on which eBay operates is technology thats why its of great importance to them. eBay endeavours to up grade their systems to fit the latest technology, make sure the site is handy at all times, ensure no fraudulent activity or illegal transaction is carried out in the site and also ensures that the site is virus free. This helps eBay to operate effectively. Staying Aware and Flexible eBay tries to stay aware and flexible at all times. The company tires to get feedback from customers, complaints, suggestions and also take beak of customer activity on the site.This helps eBay to make nec essary adjustments in other to satisfy their customers. Nearly all of its fastest-growing new categories emerged from registering seller activity in the area and quietly giving it a nudge at the decently moment. For example eBay noticed a few car sells on the site so the company created a separate site called eBay Motors which has special features such as vehicle inspection and shipping. Organizations should try and stay aware and flexible in running while running their business.Good management can make a positive difference in an organization Having a good manager or management body in an organization can make the organization excel. When Meg Whitman came into eBay in 1998 she made eBay become data and metric driven and she also brought about strategies which made eBay work better. eBay had a software problem and this caused the site to be shut down for 22 hours. When Maynard Webb was brought into the company as the president of eBay he quickly upgraded the systems and make sure t hey are upgraded constantly and this makes the site function more effectively.Have a good knowledge about a particular market before entering it It is observed from the case that eBay is not doing well in the east but is doing well in the west. It pulled out of Japan, is suffering in Taiwan and it lags behind a rival in China. This shows that eBay those not have the right strategy to excel in those areas so it is advisable to have a vivid knowledge and strategy about a particular market or area before entering it in order to excel. Recommendations The following are the recommendations for the case Making eBay Work. eBay is not doing well in the east, in order for eBay to do well in the east it should either buy GMarket or partnership with GMarket in other to be successful. Since GMarket is big and successful it would not allow eBay to buy them so if eBay partnerships with GMarket it will be more successful in that area. If eBay is very tactical they can be better than GMarket in the long run. Like the saying goes If you cant beat them join them. So eBay will be better off if it partnerships with GMarket. eBay pulled out of Japan, is suffering in Taiwan and it lags behind a rival in China. In business it is advisable never to give up so eBay should reengineer its self so it can function better in countries like Japan, Taiwan and China. One of the lessons of the chapter 3 (Managing strategic capability) is that strategic capability often lies in the day-to-day activities that people undertake in organizations. So developing the ability of the people at eBay in other to have it off the relevance of what they do in terms of strategic capability of the organization is important. Bay should organize training and development in specific areas and also develop peoples awareness that what they do in their jobs matters. This will help achieve competitive success and increase their motivation. Bibliography Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. , & Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Essex apprentice Hall. SWOT Analysis Lesson. (2008, February 12). Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) http//www. marketingteacher. com/Lessons/lesson_swot. htm Experience Supply cost Product/process design Economies of Scale Cost Efficiency

National and Global Finance Essay

1. Choose an example of a type of new company you could start, and thus use this company idea to answer the questions below. You might choose a pet store, a restaurant, a tutoring problem, or something else. This can be the analogous type of company you chose in assignment 8 or 9, or it can be different.a. answer for the type of business you chose. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) The type of business I would start would be for family or friends gatherings. This business would be office staff slew come to eat and social, a nice, warm evening. b. Describe at least(prenominal) twain ways in which the local, state, or federal regimen would have an impact on your business. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) Whether business owners know it or not, save the authorities create laws and regulation to protect the business. Two ways the g everywherenment would have an impact on my business is by hard-boiledting a price ceiling and price floor. These both determines whether or not my items it too high or low for its good.2. Describe at least whiz advantage and one disadvantage of price ceilings and price floors. Do you speak out price ceilings and floors are more helpful or more harmful to consumers and the economy? Explain. (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) Price controls are the administration intervention in bare(a) markets. In the case of agriculture without price floors mass starvation could supervene as there is often a 2 to 10 social class turn around on agricultural investment. Price ceilings on sealed food products may also ease starvation. Remember that perfect openhanded markets have never existed except in theory.3. Describe at least both negative outcomes of having too little notes and credit in the economy. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) It would cause scarcity or cash, leading to rapid deflation, and also, overproduction of goods essence major markets would plummet in value. Overbalancing demand, leading to major losses for the producers.4. Describe at least two negative outcomes of having too much money and credit in the economy. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) It would cause a sacracity of currency, leading to rapid deflation. overproduction of goods means major markets would plummet in value, outbalancing demand, leading to major losses for the producers.5. Which Fed tool do you think is most important, andwhy? (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points) falsify the Federal Funds Rate via Open Market Transactions (buying and sell govt bonds on the open market). By far the most normally used tool. Whenever you read about the Fed changing the interest charge per unit they are referring to open market transactions & the Federal Funds Rate. Since they cannot set the pass judgment directly, but do it indirectly by buying and merchandising bonds on the open market, they usually refer to the desired interest rate as the target rate.6. Choose one of the following government agencies or laws FTC, EPA, FDA, CPSC, OSHA, FLSA, EEOC, ADA, SEC, or Affir mative Action. Search online to learn more about the bureau or law, and then describe three specific things the law or agency accomplishes. Make sure the information comes from a trustworthy website. entangle a link to the website in your answer. (3-6 sentences. 1.5 points) The EPA or Environmental Protection berth seeks to protect ordinary citizens from the devastation and destruction that may occur when people/companies are not held accountable for their actions environmentally. In most cases this agency has been truly effective and is used as a model all over the world to protect streams, rivers, air and people.7. Describe at least two products that are normally imported into the United States. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) Coffee (Brazil and Columbia) and Cotton T-shirts (Mexico, Honduras among a lot of opposites)8. Describe at least two products that are commonly exported from the United States to other(a) countries. (1-2 sentences. 0.5 points) Two of the largest American e xports are Oil author and Machines, engines, pumps, both to China for a combined total of 27.2 billion USD.9. wherefore does the U.S. government encourage U.S. companies to sell their products in other countries? Explain how this helps the U.S. (2-4 sentences. 2.0 points) The U.S. government encourages the U.S. companies to sell their products in other countries because other countries may offer bring out opportunities for growth.10. Find the value of one U.S. dollar in a hostile currency. You might choose the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Canadian dollar, or another currency. add up the type of currency and the current value of the U.S. dollar in that country. (1.0 points) bill http//www.google.com/finance/converter is a good resource for inappropriate currency information. US 1 dollar = Jordanian 75cents11. Describe at least three sub rate factors that are likely to attractforeign investors to a countrys currency. Explain why these factors are hypnotic for foreign investors . (3-6 sentences. 3.0 points) OverviewBefore we look at these forces, we should sketch out how switch rate movements affect a nations trading relationships with other nations. A higher currency makes a countrys exports more expensive and imports cheaper in foreign markets a bring down currency makes a countrys exports cheaper and its imports more expensive in foreign markets. A higher supercede rate can be expected to lower the countrys balance of trade, while a lower diversify rate would increase it. Determinants of Exchange RatesNumerous factors determine exchange rate, and all are related to the trading relationship between two countries. Remember, exchange rates are relative, and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries. The following are some of the principal determinants of the exchange rate between two countries. Note that these factors are in no particular order like many aspects of economics, the relative importance of these factors is typeface to much debate. ConclusionThe exchange rate of the currency in which a portfolio holds the bulk of its investments determines that portfolios real return. A declining exchange rate plain decreases the purchasing power of income and capital gains derived from any returns. Moreover, the exchange rate influences other income factors such as interest rates, inflation and even capital gains from domestic securities. While exchange rates are determined by many complex factors that often leave even the most experienced economists flummoxed, investors should simmer down have some understanding of how currency values and exchange rates play an important role in the rate of return on their investments.

Prisons and Jails

The government has imposed punishment as a means to control crime. There ar four key justifications for heavy(p) guiltys retribution, incapacitation, discouragerence, and rehabilitation (Seiter, R. P. , 2005). These four justifications serve as the goals of the United States correctional trunk. The mildewer(a) side of retribution can be simply stated that when an wrongdoer commits a crime, he must be punished for his actions. Retribution serves as a means to retain the general public safe. (Seiter, R. P. , 2005).In so galore(postnominal) slipway offenders argon punished due to the crimes they commit, you are locked up in a cell and you stay there until you go in front of the judge and receive a sentence if found guilty. outright there are fines you must pay for certain crimes, community servicing is another consequence for a crime you boast perpetrate. No government issue what the crime you will have to suffer the consequences for them. Incarceration is the approximat ely communal example of punishment in the correctional system, but the death penalty and lesser penalties such as probation are also designed to be punitive.Perhaps the most obvious goals of the correctional system is to punish those who are found guilty of crimes. In scheme this is suppose to serve as a deterrent against one repeating criminal activity and as an example to others of why criminal activity should be avoided. It is unclear how intimately the modern U. S. correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. The main question is does punishment deter crime at all? Retribution is an act of moral retribution which society incurs the offender suffer as much as the pitiable caused by the crime committed (Macionis, 2006).People have a pickax whether or not to do a crime. How Does Our Correctional System reconstruct Offenders? In the early 1900s rehabilitation had emerged as the primary theory of co rrections and shaped e truly aspect of correctional policy and practice. hence(prenominal) in the 1960s and 1970s rehabilitation was attacked for not having evidentiary stand and in the resulting turmoil. Rehabilitation has been shown to suffice offenders to not re-offend where as the other theories have shown to have little to no action on the reoccurring crime come out and some in fact have been shown to have the opposite effect in increasing the reoccurring crime rate.On any given daytime there are more than seven one thousand thousand Americans under the care of the correctional system which holds approximately 1. 5 million inmates incarceratedin jail, 4. 2 million on probation and over 828,000 on parole according to the Bureau of referee Statistics. The statistics are staggering considering according to the U. S. numerate the United States population is 307,006,550 (U. S. Census 2010). So, that means that approximately for every one hundred people cardinal are inc arcerated. Also according to the Disaster Center in 2009 31,916,949 crimes were committed in the United States.Giving inmates the opportunity to deal with the reason for enter prison and prison aliveness, will promote alternative ways to travelling bag negative behavioral issues (Hagebrook & Zgoba). The added medical and counsel care, in addition to requiring enormous pre-release counseling will help prepare for constructive life alfresco of prison. Many inmates enter prison with a genial illness and many are unaware of the illness until they are imprisoned (cdcr. ca. gov). It would be very beneficial to treat the illness head on, at that point.Which Method Is much Effective? I feel that rehabilitation would be a more effective way in reducing crime for these reasons. When an inmate has advance to options to help themselves change for the better and re-enter the outside world again, then they are willing to make a difference. Now Therapy is another form of rehabilitation wi shed to help deter individuals from committing future crimes. Some examples of therapy include drug therapy to those offenders addicted to drugs and psychological counseling to those offenders who grew up in an opprobrious household.Rehabilitation can help to solve the problem of overcrowding in most prisons. The criminal population continues growing, as the death penalty has been abolished, and the state would need to spend more on facilities to house criminals. Education is one of the ways in which this positive change was affected. Education works in deuce levels to successfully rehabilitate the criminal. I do see that in criminal rehabilitation, prisoners are given opportunities to increase their content knowledge base. This is essential as studies show that many inmates do not have basic stratum school education.Is will also impede their success of acquiring jobs, thus many had to turn to a life crime. Rehabilitation also ensures that inmates are socially well adjusted. Psych ological assessments are being meted to test for mental or physical disabilities that led to their incarceration in the first place. I personally do know a few ex cons and from what they went by in prison to get help for a better life out here in society was real nice to see, I havent seen them even step back to the old ways they had of committing crimes, and I always hear them tell me that they just want to keep their FreedomSo I do what I can to help them stay on the right track, and if they even think that it will make them happier to back track. I just throw up what they will be missing out on in this world, and how hurt their family members will be without them daily. So with that said I for sure think that Rehabilitation is the lift out for our convicts these days.

Rousseau as Totalitarian?

ROUSSEAU AS TOTALITARIAN? Rousseau, kn give as Father of Modern democratic Theory, was existence accused by other people as a Father of Totalitarianism. This is one of the contentious issues which attack Rousseaus social contract he is seen to be advocating totalistic solution or else democratic. Others whitethorn have only misunderstood the image of undemocraticism just instantaneously I tell you there is no clear evidence attending he is in favor of totalitarian. Why, then, some considered Rousseau as a totalitarian? Maybe it goes with his controersial concept of everyday exit.The general will rear be perceived as an objective truth to which every citizen must(prenominal) conform. Therefore everybody was under the control of the general will. Since totalitarianism is defined as apolitical systemwhere the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life whenever inevitable this means that the general will can be u se as a totalitarian device. But the methods suggested for discovering the general will were basically democratic.This concept was introduced to pr steadyt exploitation and this will only take effect if it is willed by the citizens. In this case, we can see that Rousseau was proposing that the best way for a confederacy to make decisions was really to use democratic procedures. Hence, we cannot condemn him being a totalitarian advocate just because general will reigns. After all, notwithstanding if it controls every citizen, it still comes from all and it tends always to the preservation and welfare of the self-colored and every associate.Another thing that can probably make people thinks of Rousseaus social contract as a totalitarian is due to his view of majority binds the rest. Rousseau was aware that no particular human being knows what the general will truly is that is why he proposes that what the majority has voted, it is the general will, assuming that everybody is thinki ng for the public salutary of the community and not for his own self-interest. Now problem the decision of the majority is what rules the community and we dont even know if they are really thinking for the common good of everybody.They maybe considered as one political assemblage who reigns over the community. This cannot be a valid reason for saying that Rousseau was after a totalitarian government. Remember Rousseau has insisted that the sovereign is the people and not a particular group only. And at the start of the compact, before they have voted for what they think is general will the people should give their consent to all the laws that will be passed even in their opposition.Despite that the decision of the majority wins, the people still has participated in ascertain that certain law. Rousseau was merely proposing measures aimed at creating community cohesion and preserving democracy. We can now say that his proposal was really an authentic attempt of finding a form of a ssociation which will defend and protect with the whole common force the person and goods of each associate, and in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.

Teaching Mathematics and Science in Schools

The way instructors go about their statement each day in their var.rooms is reflected as precept style or arise. This approach is better understood when the teachers atomic number 18 observed while they teach. Some teachers favor activities for chelaren associated with the curriculum, allowing educatees to chose their activity and complete it by themselves. Some other teachers would want the class to be attentive to them for most of the time. Certain teachers would like students to work in groups. therefore the methods adopted in the education- learning process is broadly reflective of the teachers viewpoint of what is learning and how it should be brought into children.The process of learning is much than successful when children are fully pertain with the subject or depicted object of their learning. This is all the more primal when teaching comprehension. Life intuitions involving plants and animals and non-living things are topical and rouse be felt. Experienc ing the reality by means of interaction, makes knowledge not besides more interesting, further likewise easier to understand. Mathematics on the other chip in involves a bit more abstract level.Yet, the symbols, signs and figures associated with mathematics with which children work, are self-created reality. In their effort to learn cognition and mathematics, children proceed further into the subjects, than just at the surface or base encounter. They analyze and interpret the object of focal point and attempt to understand how it works, why its required etc. Thus the child begins to develop reasoning for the facts it sees or understands. It may be the maturement of a impudently judgment, or altering a previously archetype concept, or even rejecting an assumption held till then. The teacherwho wants to interestingly interest children in learning science and mathematics must personally sensation excitement in learning so as to share it with the children.The teacher shou ld approach the topic of learning and the query asking children in a balanced and parallel manner. The teacher must be sensitive to the requirements of the children and help oneself them to see relationships and understand explanations. For teachers to be proficient and confident in their teaching, it is all-important(a) that they understand the triple interactions involved in learning. The teacher must be conscious that while the child is interacting with him or her, the child is also con authoritatively interacting with the cogitateed subject. The focused subject or subject matter interacts with some(prenominal) the teacher and the child while the teacher also interacts with the querying children and the focused subject.It is important to know the development of a childs collar and faculty to reason, with their growth. Such an understanding is absolutely necessary in underdeveloped sequester contents. For instance in the grades K-4, a child associates a comparison, a desc ription, or a manipulation for all objects, it sees almost. Although the child doesnt understand the science of performance while in this grade activities like pulling, pushing, dropping of objects gives the child an idea of the cause of motion and its control.Similarly sound, heat, light, magnetism, electricity are broadly perceived through learning, observation and experimentation. However, the child would not be able to fall upon elements of temperature, magnetic forces, static electricity etc. In the grades 5 to 8, the concept of energy is highly-developed through investigations into the prissyties of light,sound, electricity and magnetism. In these grades, there is a considerable shift towards quantitative aspects of subjects. In the 9 12 grades, students are geared up completely to deal with motion, force, energy being beaten(prenominal) with theoretical observations and laboratory investigations (NJSC). Here they understand the reasoning behind the laws of motion and why energy is conserved. They are also capable of dealing with scientific designs and its problems, using the concepts and principles learnt.The association of whiz functioning and commandmental practices is increasingly seemly an important factor in education. Brain-establish findings have been closely monitored by specialists involved in education. The findings of cognitive neuroscience research has considerable bearing on the methodological analysis of education. A new approach connecting brain functioning with education was evince in 1983. Leslie Hart, in his book Human Brain, Human Learning suggested that by ignoring the brain functioning of students, the success of students is not achieved to its fullest potential.The philosophy of the newly developed brain-based education is that the brain is used for everything we do we should therefore know more about it and use it effectively. Contemporary models of brain-based education are multidisciplinary, relying on several(prenomi nal) disciplines like psychiatry, psychology, cognitive science, sociology etc. Brain plays an important role in the effect of classroom groupings, assessments, corporeal activity, lunchroom foods etc. Schools can affect students brain in several ways including through social conditions, stress, nutrition etc. These factors induce brain-basedinfluences by altering cognition, memory and attention.Neuroscientists Gerd Kempermann and Fred Gage discovered that the new neurons in the brain are intensely associated with memory, mood and learning. The process of neurons can be enhanced through good nutrition, low stress and proper exercise. The brain has the faculty to remap itself due to its neuroplasticity (Jenson, 2008). This process can be influenced through reading, meditation, skill-building, career and technical education, and thinking skills, which render to student success.The importance of physical education is also emphasized by brain research. Cognitive scientists, physiolog ists, educational psychologists and physical educators have strongly endorsed this view. Today more and more schools of education are incorporating the knowledge gained from brain research. Harvard Universitys Mind, Brain and Education or MBE program produces postgraduates and doctors who eventually get engaged in interdisciplinary positions, some(prenominal) in research and practice.A report by the National Research Council commission in September 2006, on the state of K-8 science education, has determined that science pedagogicss offered in schools today are outdated. These are predominantly based on research findings of about three to four decades early. The report offers rump for the next reforms and is based on the recent understandings of how children learn, and recommends a narrower and better focus on important areas of science. It seeks to improve professionalism among teachers and have each aspect of instruction andlearning, better integrated with each other.The Counci ls Committee on learning Learning, responsible for science learning in kindergarten to eighth grade had reviewed both, the reforms undertaken in science education in the last decade and the recent understandings of learning and cognitive science. The committee emphasized that young children are capable of confused thinking and that each student develops an individual understanding of the nature around him. It also stated that the current debate on the importance of teaching content versus teaching process skills, should be put aside and both be replaced by interweaved aspects of science expertise.The committee has suggested that the curriculum, instruction and assessment should be properly integrated with the focus of fewer, central elements in each discipline, sort of than surface level study of a wide topic. It points out that the current science education is based on relatively old assumptions. The current science education underestimates childrens ability of complex thinking and is more attributed to difficulty level in children rather than their ability.For instructions to be successful, teachers pauperism to have a sound understanding of the subject, know how to teach it effectively and also be familiar with the recent research on student learning (AIP, 2006). Proper, effective instructions can clear misunderstandings and bring understanding closer to perfect. The instructions should include student encounters with science in a sequentially designed and strategic way. Students identified as proficient in science must be capable of explaining the scientific perception of the inhering world. They need to be capable of introducing andnanalyzing scientific explanations, understand all aspects of scientific knowledge development, and participate in science-based exercises/discussions.The role of philosophy in developing the intellectual skills of children has been widely acknowledged. The induction of philosophy into the high school faculty member curri culum is gaining momentum, emphasizing not just now the importance of the subject among them, but also the capability of the children for philosophical thinking. Dr. Matthew Lipman (1991), a philosophy professor at Montclair State College in New Jersey, emphasized that bringing philosophy into schools would only enhance the educational experience of children.The argument here was, philosophy could contribute to critical thinking, which is vital for all other subjects. Empirical evidence also shows that the cognitive and academic skill of children is vastly improved by teaching them reasoning skills early in life, banking on childrens natural foreignness and sense of wonder. Obviously, such development would also contribute to the understanding of science and maths.It is estimated that about half the secondary teachers in the United States quit teaching within five years. Studies on the selection and services of secondary science and maths teachers reveal their inhibitions of isola ted profession, lack of mentoring and dwindled prospects (KSTF, 2005).It is also important to do by these issues, for the success of teaching and learning reforms. The new methods of education for schoolchildren, peculiarly for maths and science should reflect the latest research into childrens ability and brain functioning. Engaging children in philosophical dialogues, also contributes to their ability of cultivate thinking.REFERENCESAmerican Institute of Physics. (AIP, 2006) NRC Report Finds Much of Current K-8 Science Teaching Outdated. FYI identification number 142 December 20, 2006 Electronic Version downloaded on 24th Feb. 2007 from https//www.aip.org/fyi/2006/142.html

Hank Williams

Hiram King Williams, excessively known as Hank Williams, was born on kinsfolk 17, 1923 in Mount Olive, Alabama. His dad was Lon Williams, a locomotive engineer. His mom was Lillie Williams, a church pipe organist. Hank spent most of his childishness in Georgiana and Greenville, Alabama. Hank Williams was a linchpin person in the development of modern country music. He caused a shift in country music from a regional, rural phenomenon to a nationwide, urban acceptance in the late 1940s. He turn hillbilly music into country music. He became inte equalisered in music at a very early age.He l draw ined to play the organ from his make. He could also play the harmonica. His mother gave him his first guitar when he was eight. His fuck off walked out on the family when Hank was a young child. It became the responsibility of his mother to name Hank and his siblings. She was a very strong willed woman. He attended Sidney Hanier High take in Montgomery. He quit school when he was 16 e ld old. He was raised as a fundamentalist Baptist. The music and sermons from his childhood had influenced him. My earliest memory Rolling St maven writer Ralph J.Gleason (as quoted by Williams biographer Colin Escott) is sittin on that organ stool by her and hollerin. I must oblige been five, six geezerhood old and loudern anybody else. In 1937, Hanks mother opened a boarding house in Montgomery. Hank helped the family income by hopeful shoes, selling newspapers, and peanuts on the road. This is where he met Rufus Payne, a black man, known as Tee-Tot. He taught Hank to play the guitar. He would follow him around on the street begging him to teach him to play. He would pay him 15 cents or whatsoever he had for a lesson. Payne also helped him overcome his shyness.He is the one that the discolor influence came from. He made his very first radio doing at the age of thirteen. He formed his first band when he was fourteen long time old. I was called Hank Williams and his Drifting Cowboys. He began wearing cowman hats and western clothes. He sang without amplification and above the sounds of the band. He veritable a full throated style of singing. It was similar to Roy Acuff from the Grand Ole Opry. Hank was turned down for the military service because of his certify problems.Near the end of the fight he began pursuing his musical career again. He started performing at dances nd local events. He also started playing at honkey tonks. These were rough and rowdy beer joints that the citys new comers went to. Williams began abusing alcohol. This problem haunt him the rest of his life. It was partly because of him trying to self medicate the terrible back pain that was caused by a congenital spine disorder. When Hank was 20 years old he met Audrey Mae Sheppard. She was a single mother and separated from her husband. She and Hank get hitched with after her divorce was final. They were married by a justice of the calmness at a gas station near Andalusic, Al abama in December 1944.They had a child Hank Williams, Jr. in 1949. Hank and Audrey visited Nashville to hear Fred Rose, the head of Acuff-Rose Publishing. The meeting resulted in the marking of never Again and honkie Tonkin. This led to signing a contract with MJM. Rose became his manager and designate producer. Lovesick Blues became Hanks trademark tune. It began with a yodel. It spent a year on the charts, including sixteen weeks at the top. He suddenly make up himself on a roll. He quickly recorded two more songs, including Mind Your Own Business. They say this song was aimed at his wife.Audrey began to raise for more of her own spot in the stardom as he became more famous. They had recorded several sets and she had played with the band some. It was said that her voice was blatant and tuneless. They also said that she didnt have a very inviolable sense of time. In 1950, he had more successful songs. He also released a series of religious songs with his wife. He used hi s connections to get a recording contract for her with DECCA. They were not as successful. H recorded his religious narrations talking blues under the name Luke the Drifter.Luke the Drifter walked with Hank Williams and talked done him. These recordings were the closest Hank Williams came to bearing his soul. Hanks musical career was very successful, barely his personal life was falling apart. This was mostly caused by his alcohol laugh at that was intensified by his rocky relationship with his wife. This found its way into the words of his songs about heartache, heartbreak, and the break- up of relationships. Hank and Audrey divorced in 1952. As he began to earn more money and spend longer periods of time away from theme he began to drink more frequently.While on a search trip in Tennessee, he tripped and fell re-hurting his back. He began taking morphia and other painkillers to help control the pain. He quickly became addicted. Following a short tour in Texas, Hank, returned to Montgomery in December to rest before going to Canton, Ohio on January 1, 1953. He was scheduled to play in Canton. Charles, a friend and his driver, was stopped for speeding on their way to Canton. The police officer saw Hank in the car and thought he looked corresponding a dead man. He was then taken to a western United States Virginia hospital and was declared dead at 700 a. . He had died in the back seat of a Cadillac on his way to the concert.He was inhumed three days later in Montgomery. There was a record crowd attending. His last single released before he died was Ill Never Get start of This World Alive. It reached number one directly after his death. In 1953, they continued to release his records that hit number one including Your Cheatin Heart Hank Williams was a recording artist for only 6 years and recorded 66 songs under his name (more under Luke the Drifter and with Audrey). Out of the 66 songs 37 of these were hits.Bibliographyhttp//www.allmusic.com/artist/ha nk-williams-p138231/biographyhttp//britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/644353/Hank-Williams?sections=644353