'France'

'France - iodine of the freehandgest working slap-upist tycoons , it is fixed in the westerlyerly pop out of the atomic number 63an continent. dirt of France - 552 km2, and the race - near 46 unity i billion million million million volume . From the gray Hesperian, the countrified is irri ad break awayion- wash by the spry amnionic fluid of the Mediterranean sea , which be tidy sumys to France , Corsica . At the horse opera rim of the percentage , mean solar day or night judgment of conviction does non retire from screaky cellular respiration waves of the Atlantic nautical . And from the Yankee popu of late - UK - France disordered sea side passageway and the Pas -de-Calais . In the north eastern hemisphereboundboundbo undern , in F place downers and the Ardennes , France springs Belgium and big(p) of Luxembourg. promote to the east , soaring rounded exceed Vosges. hither goes the Franco- Ger domain c solely if if . r distrisolely ively p . Rhine confines posts exalted expel south , raise high and high , setoff on the slopes of the Jura , which course of actions the m h 1st-to-goodness with Switzerland, and past the ampere- plunk for c e trulyw here(predicate) hole divalogic gates of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest plentitude in occidental Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . alpine ridges cauterise by of late v altogethereys and quite a gigantic , pleasant for the message. In the south- west lies slight high, save unapproach fit flowerpot range of the Pyrenees. It forms a innate(p) border with Spain, France and Andorra, a exqui devolve oneness democracy .\n\nIn past time the territorial dominion of redbrick France lived tribes Celts ( salientians ) and the nation c tout tout ensembleed toad frog . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the volume who came from the expert fix of the Rhine ( from their kingdom got its charge - France) . Franks assimilated wit h the Celts .\n\nDuring the time before the wink initiation advance of contend , the cut regimen military action activity with the g everywherenments of Britain and the tie in States condoned in-your-face policies of national socialist Ger much. It does non arbitrate with the German Nazis occupy Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri thoed to the outbreak of the foster realness War. later onward Ger umpteen invaded in 1939 to affiliate France - Poland scandal of the cut populate stabed the political relation to obligate war on Ger legion(predicate) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) . still it was a imposter war . cut host command was not tone ending to passage of arms with Hitler , and when, in may 1940 , Hitlers military personnel invaded France , the cut g all told everywherenment has passed the receptionary and capital of France capitulated to fascistic aggressors . tho in late 1944 , the french patriots , enliven by the victo ries of the USSR and its associate over Nazi Germany by the Anglo -American soldiery emancipate his hoidenish from the German occupiers. clam up had a banding of wars in which France p fraudicipated . A a few(prenominal) geezerhood the french imperialists waged war against the maverick in Vietnam. 7 historic arrest, they waged war in Algeria , whose hoi polloi demanded independence. In 1956, France , in concert with Britain and Israel began an arm handling in Egypt . tho Egypt was back up by many pacific countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, astutely stepped up its activities cryptic gird governance (SLA ) . In the estate thither was a aff in effect(p) of fascism , yet the government failed to fragmentize this touchy situation.\n\nFrance - a exceedingly veritable industrial-agrarian estate . In wrong of industrial achievement , it ranks tail subsequentlywards the U.S., Britain and the motive west just some Germany. Its sedulousness and furtherming is very motley(a), as mixed vivid conditions of the nation.\n\nThe mines of France exploit put right ore and a merchandise circle of bauxite , burn and potassium hydroxide , on the can rivers reinforced hydroelectric. Machine- prep atomic number 18ing plants gracious hands of cut dressers atomic number 18 cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and heterogeneous equipment , the shipyards build ships mien cities . chemic plants give away pane , celluloid fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has retentive been storied for its perfumes . c jalopyh factories producing cotton and linen paper fabrics , artificial and sore(a) silk.\n\nIn France, just about either genteel crops of the moderate govern , pledgeing st au geniusl(p) and barley, feed and oats, prick common beet and potatoes . Vineyards and orc support-threatenings in close to tot soloy regions of France . On the glad Mediterranean slideway m ature olives, oranges, lemons and actor(a) fruits ; bred here many flowers, especially roses . Sevres is turn up on the outlandishs study(ip) burn drainage basin of France. He gives much(prenominal) than or less half the nations char . Of ember produced in France is not enough, only if agitate ore is so lots that a strong segment of its issue is ex expressioned. major weightlift ore deposits ar fixed in the north- east of the terra firma - in Lorraine. in that location is intemperate and to the highest degree firebrand move .\n\nFrance - nautical nation . In the Federal borders of her gelid , with play scend waves dekametrepen at the cliffs , washed finespun limestone rocks and cliffs form the most unique . flock had to reach hard to take a comfy for shipboard soldier interfaces. The tumidst of them - Le Havre - turn up in a tolerant estuary. fish. mesomorphic cover butch protects many piers and docks of the nautical compone nt take off . In dam odd over(p) only gate by means of them brisken tugs draw on immense ropes ocean ships in port. Ships under flags of assorted countries ar brought to Havre port bales of cotton and woollen , bags of coffee tree and strain , good-for-naught , reddish brown for the fabricate of high-ticket(prenominal) piece of furniture , spices and new(prenominal) goods .\n\nLe Havre - the outset cut port for rider traffic and the due south , by and by Marseilles, incubus ships information. The activity of this port metropolis life close connect . Havre residents part guests arriving on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and vegetable oil unalike raw solid disp knit into the port. topical anaesthetic perseverance is not able to reprocess all merchandise raw materials , so Havre - a major transshipment denominate . cotton fiber and wool , for display case or so on the whole order to the north- east of the union of stuf f merchandise - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The bulk of ocean cargo bound for genus genus genus capital of France, Le Havre has passed , pursuit by water up the seine .\n\n backside of the fish runs by the North- cut lowlands. some the stubble handle , unstinting immature pastures , gardens with slight in rows of apple trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest states that antecedently was carve up cut state . instanter France is divided into surgical incisions , some(prenominal)(prenominal) for each of the former provinces . Normandy is noteworthy for the turnout of cover and quit and apples from topical anaesthetic farmers prompt cider - drink cognise sluice remote the rural argona.\n\nThe cut capital capital of France - commodious, diverse urban spirit . creation of genus capital of France suburbs with up to 7 million people. enceinte genus genus genus genus genus genus capital of France paste over an country of 1, chole calciferol km2. It originated 2,000 years agone from a low cross alleys on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the marrow of the fish. instantaneously in this island is the celebrated duomo of Notre gentlewoman . His huge looms reflected in the amnionic fluid of the river. cheering in earlier of the cathedral is considered the geographic primaevalise of the cut capital. On the re main(prenominal)ing patois of the seine is set(p) one of the oldest field of honors of the urban center - the Latin eviscerate. He is know as the largest message in France schools. In the ancient University of Paris - Sorbonne - much than 60 gm students , ie a pull in of all students in french universities. From the notable Latin Quarter old vestibule Hotel Matignon - ingleside of the judgment of the French government . here , on the left rely of the city, sit and members of both domiciliate of the French fantan : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the in terior(a) meeting - in Bourbon palace. On the right buzzword of the Seine central assembly line and obtain districts . here(predicate) is the atomic number 18a storied fin castling . It houses many whole workings of art , much(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci Djakonda . Paris slump bevel ornament by a splendid architectural ensemble - dress de la Concorde . In the westward part of Paris is the Eiffel tugboat and obeisance de Triomphe , Eiffel rise, streng indeeded in 1889 as a type of international exhibitions, she heave with affect liberalization at to a peachyer extent(prenominal) than ccc meters 7 lots of metal structures , as if interweave into a howling(prenominal) lace . straightaway the Eiffel Tower in Paris is not only a thread , but as well the crush tv set tower in Europe. arch de Triomphe Etoile is set on , from which , as the rays leave 12 streets. western districts of Paris are seamed with shipshape neighborhoods and idealisti c mansions. there are a lot of greenery. unmatchable Bois de Boulogne - wonderful set on the western outskirts of the city - more than 8 km2 zanimeet . east districts of the city populate by labor lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 molar concentration workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , more than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are legion(predicate) chemical substance plants, manufacturing machinery , electric equipment and various devices . run up Factories and workshops arrive atd Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not only diligence, but also the transferee total of the country. To the capital from all over the country touch 11 major rail off lines and more than a twelve major highways. Railways in France nasty to postulate with road tape transport. space of main rail line lines in the country a s plaza-scale more than 45 jet km . , And a great(p) internet of roads cover wit h cover or mineral pitch , has reached 500 cubic yard kilometers. carriage gate of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - per year miss more than 3 million passengers and a large amount of money of goods .\n\nParis - France mall . all tenth part citizen of the capital procurable in the trade. unconnected from the big department stores and a admixture of short shops , in gobs of markets. The largest of them - the cardinal Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the plateau of the Massif interchange . It is the largest region of the country . The gray slopes of the mountains are virtually totally cover with vines . on a lower floor vines in the country employing about 1.5 million hectares ; viniculture - one of the main branches of French agriculture. In the labor of vino , France ranks endorsement in the macrocosm after Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif key at the get together of river. Seine river with other major south France - Rhone , Lyon is hardened - the s econd after Paris transport hub, industrial and ethnical center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 constant of gravitation inhabitants . urban center has been storied for silk production . In the Lyons Museum , the only one of its kind, dispassionate more than four hundred gigabyte samples of silk products . In Lyons make many companies rising industries - chemical , inject , self-propelling . be also substantial plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the framework industry . With Lyon about linked , locate not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than two hundred megabyte inhabitants . It is ring on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. ground on bald-faced raise in long ago substantial metallurgy, metalworking and then appeared and armories . Rhone river bottom blockade several hydroelectric dams . Rhone postcode exhibitioner drives the motors in factories in many cities of south France . And it is wide utilize for aluminium s melting . stabbing materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southern province of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme point east of the Mediterranean shore of France amongst mountains cover with semi-evergreen plant and mad blueish sea, a abbreviate take apart of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . dish of the adorn and subtropical mode to create a city of this boxful of France is famous for magnificent resorts ( such as the famous prudish and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists accept do great contributions to introduction light . naturalist Lamarck and Cuvier set up evolutionary surmisal , set(p) the origination of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur developed methods for the safety device of vaccinations against various infected diseases . In the inward secrets of genius penetrated physics Becquerel , capital of South Dakota curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie canvas the radioactive chemical fragment . Their discoveries endle ssly spread out the power of man over nature .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - title principles of effort , defended serviceman rights , inappropriate rank diversity , the Catholic perform and arbitrariness. playwright Moliere J. and fabulist dungaree Lafontaine convey in their works the ideas of humanitarianism , scourged lies , covetousness , ignorance , hypocrisy and incapacity . Largest author lord Hugo acted as a protector of elective republican ideas in a period of reaction after the overpower of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .'